2025 August 9

Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLAS from Hubble
* Image Credit: NASA, ESA, David Jewitt (UCLA) et al. -
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://www.spacetelescope.org/
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/David_Jewitt.html
https://epss.ucla.edu/
* Processing; Joseph DePasquale (STScI)
https://www.stsci.edu/who-we-are

Explanation:
Discovered on July 1 with the NASA-funded ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) survey telescope in Rio Hurtado, Chile, 3I/ATLAS is so designated as the third known interstellar object to pass through our Solar System. It follows 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017 and the comet 2I/Borisov in 2019. Also known as C/2025 N1, 3I/ATLAS is a comet. A teardrop-shaped cloud of dust, ejected from its icy nucleus warmed by increasing sunlight, is seen in this sharp image from the Hubble Space Telescope captured on July 21. Background stars are streaked in the exposure as Hubble tracked the fastest comet ever recorded on its journey toward the inner solar system. An analysis of the Hubble image indicates the solid nucleus, hidden from direct view, is likely less that 5.6 kilometers in diameter. This comet's interstellar origin is clear from its orbit, determined to be an eccentric, highly hyperbolic orbit that does not loop back around the Sun and will return 3I/ATLAS to interstellar space. Not a threat to planet Earth, the inbound interstellar interloper is now within the Jupiter's orbital distance of the Sun, while its closest approach to the Sun will bring it just inside the orbital distance of Mars.
https://science.nasa.gov/asset/hubble/comet-3i-atlas/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3I/ATLAS
https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02934
https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/as-nasa-missions-study-interstellar-comet-hubble-makes-size-estimate/
https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K25/K25N12.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250809.html

#comets #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #ESA

Alt...

2025 August 9 Interstellar Interloper 3I/ATLAS from Hubble * Image Credit: NASA, ESA, David Jewitt (UCLA) et al. - * Processing; Joseph DePasquale (STScI) Explanation: Discovered on July 1 with the NASA-funded ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) survey telescope in Rio Hurtado, Chile, 3I/ATLAS is so designated as the third known interstellar object to pass through our Solar System. It follows 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017 and the comet 2I/Borisov in 2019. Also known as C/2025 N1, 3I/ATLAS is a comet. A teardrop-shaped cloud of dust, ejected from its icy nucleus warmed by increasing sunlight, is seen in this sharp image from the Hubble Space Telescope captured on July 21. Background stars are streaked in the exposure as Hubble tracked the fastest comet ever recorded on its journey toward the inner solar system. An analysis of the Hubble image indicates the solid nucleus, hidden from direct view, is likely less that 5.6 kilometers in diameter. This comet's interstellar origin is clear from its orbit, determined to be an eccentric, highly hyperbolic orbit that does not loop back around the Sun and will return 3I/ATLAS to interstellar space. Not a threat to planet Earth, the inbound interstellar interloper is now within the Jupiter's orbital distance of the Sun, while its closest approach to the Sun will bring it just inside the orbital distance of Mars. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)

As NASA Missions Study Interstellar Comet, Hubble Makes Size Estimate - NASA Science
--By Andrea Gianopoulos

A team of astronomers has taken the sharpest-ever picture of the unexpected interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS using the crisp vision of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. Hubble is one of many missions across NASA’s fleet of space telescopes slated to observe this comet, together providing more information about its size and physical properties. While the comet poses no threat to Earth, NASA’s space telescopes help support the agency's ongoing mission to find, track, and better understand near-Earth objects.
[...]

https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/as-nasa-missions-study-interstellar-comet-hubble-makes-size-estimate/

Video Credits:
+ Halley’s Comet Animation via Pond5
+ Milky Way Timelapse via Pond5
+ Comet Grazing the Sun (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS)
+ Exocomets in Solar System
ESO/L. Calçada/N. Risinger
+ Comets orbiting White Dwarf Star
ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser
+ Oumuamua Image
ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser

#comets #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #ESA

Alt...

The Hubble Space Telescope has been operating for more than three decades and continues to make ground-breaking discoveries that shape our fundamental understanding of the universe. Hubble is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope and mission operations. Lockheed Martin Space, based in Denver, also supports mission operations at Goddard. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, conducts Hubble science operations for NASA. Video Credits: + Halley’s Comet Animation via Pond5 + Milky Way Timelapse via Pond5 + Comet Grazing the Sun (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) + Exocomets in Solar System ESO/L. Calçada/N. Risinger + Comets orbiting White Dwarf Star ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser + Oumuamua Image ESA/Hubble, NASA, ESO, M. Kornmesser

2025 October 5

A Long Storm System on Saturn
* Image Credit: NASA, JPL, ESA, Cassini Imaging Team, SSI
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
https://www.esa.int/
http://ciclops.org/
https://www.spacescience.org/

Explanation:
It was one of the largest and longest lived storms ever recorded in our Solar System. First seen in late 2010, the featured cloud formation in the northern hemisphere of Saturn started larger than the Earth and soon spread completely around the planet. The storm was tracked not only from Earth but from up close by the robotic Cassini spacecraft then orbiting Saturn. Pictured here in false colored infrared in February, orange colors indicate clouds deep in the atmosphere, while light colors highlight clouds higher up. The rings of Saturn are seen nearly edge-on as the thin blue horizontal line. The warped dark bands are the shadows of the rings cast onto the cloud tops by the Sun to the upper left. A source of radio noise from lightning, the intense storm was thought to relate to seasonal changes when spring emerges in the north of Saturn. After raging for over six months, the iconic storm circled the entire planet and then tried to absorb its own tail -- which surprisingly caused it to fade away.
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassini-chronicles-life-of-saturns-giant-storm/
https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/storm-tail-in-false-color/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap251005.html

#space #saturn #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 October 5 The planet Saturn is shown in infrared with great detail visible on its cloud tops. The rings appear as a thin blue horizontal line. She shadow of the rings appear as curving dark lines on the clouds. Near the top one of the tan cloud bands shows appears quite jumbled. Please see the explanation for more detailed information. A Long Storm System on Saturn * Image Credit: NASA, JPL, ESA, Cassini Imaging Team, SSI Explanation: It was one of the largest and longest lived storms ever recorded in our Solar System. First seen in late 2010, the featured cloud formation in the northern hemisphere of Saturn started larger than the Earth and soon spread completely around the planet. The storm was tracked not only from Earth but from up close by the robotic Cassini spacecraft then orbiting Saturn. Pictured here in false colored infrared in February, orange colors indicate clouds deep in the atmosphere, while light colors highlight clouds higher up. The rings of Saturn are seen nearly edge-on as the thin blue horizontal line. The warped dark bands are the shadows of the rings cast onto the cloud tops by the Sun to the upper left. A source of radio noise from lightning, the intense storm was thought to relate to seasonal changes when spring emerges in the north of Saturn. After raging for over six months, the iconic storm circled the entire planet and then tried to absorb its own tail -- which surprisingly caused it to fade away.

What Was The Grand Finale?

In April 2017, NASA's Cassini spacecraft began writing the final, thrilling chapter of its remarkable 20-year-long story of exploration: its Grand Finale.

Every week, Cassini dived through the approximately 1,200-mile-wide (2,000-kilometer-wide) gap between Saturn and its rings. No other spacecraft had ever explored this unique region.

A final close flyby of the moon Titan on April 22 used the moon's gravity to reshape Cassini's trajectory so that the spacecraft leapt over the planet's icy rings to pass between the rings and Saturn. During 22 such passes over about five months, the spacecraft's altitude above Saturn's clouds varied from about 1,000 to 2,500 miles (1,600 to 4,000 kilometers), thanks to occasional distant passes by Titan that shifted the closest approach distance. At times, Cassini skirted the very inner edge of the rings; at other times, it skimmed the outer edges of the atmosphere. During its final five orbits, its orbit passed through Saturn's uppermost atmosphere, before finally plunging directly into the planet on Sept. 15.

A Daring Dive

Cassini's Grand Finale was about so much more than the spacecraft's final dive into Saturn. That dramatic event was the capstone of six months of daring exploration and scientific discovery. And those six months were the thrilling final chapter in a historic 20-year journey.

At times, the spacecraft skirted the very inner edge of the rings; at other times, it skimmed the outer edges of the atmosphere. While the mission team was confident the risks were well understood, there could still have surprises. It was the kind of bold adventure that could only be undertaken at the end of the mission.

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cassini/grand-finale/overview/

#space #saturn #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

Alt...

A short, animated video describing the Cassini's Grand Finale. In April 2017, NASA's Cassini spacecraft began writing the final, thrilling chapter of its remarkable 20-year-long story of exploration: its Grand Finale. Every week, Cassini dived through the approximately 1,200-mile-wide (2,000-kilometer-wide) gap between Saturn and its rings. No other spacecraft had ever explored this unique region. A final close flyby of the moon Titan on April 22 used the moon's gravity to reshape Cassini's trajectory so that the spacecraft leapt over the planet's icy rings to pass between the rings and Saturn. During 22 such passes over about five months, the spacecraft's altitude above Saturn's clouds varied from about 1,000 to 2,500 miles (1,600 to 4,000 kilometers), thanks to occasional distant passes by Titan that shifted the closest approach distance. At times, Cassini skirted the very inner edge of the rings; at other times, it skimmed the outer edges of the atmosphere. During its final five orbits, its orbit passed through Saturn's uppermost atmosphere, before finally plunging directly into the planet on Sept. 15. CREDIT NASA JPL

Starting a moon exploration tour from the couch? Why not? With a good internet connection, you can hit the ground running right away and enjoy your moonwalk:
https://trek.nasa.gov/moon/#v=0.1&x=0&y=0&z=1&p=urn%3Aogc%3Adef%3Acrs%3AEPSG%3A%3A104903&d=&locale=&b=moon&e=-281.2499947536844%2C-131.83593504078956%2C281.2499947536844%2C131.83593504078956&sfz=&w=

And don't forget: The Trump administration has cut off NASA's financial support from government funds! It stands to reason that this institution is to be weakened by financial erosion in order to then privatise it and sell it cheaply to loyal greedy super-rich. So no one can know how long all this information and data will be publicly available, which is now the property of the American people and the calling card for a United America. Do we really want to put up with THAT? This country is still called "United States of America" and may this name preserve its values for a long time to come! Stop freezing like the rabbit before the poison snake, stay strong and unite USA and finally defend yourself against your malicious destruction by greedy narcissists!

#space #moon #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education #us #uspol #trump #usa #europe #italy #france #unitedkingdom #resist

Alt...

Moon Trek allows you to explore the Moon via your own computer. Credit: NASA/SSERVI

Data and Music: What 50 Years of Exploring Our Moon Sounds Like

Sonification is the process of translating data into sound and music. In this musical data sonification of lunar knowledge and exploration, we can hear the progress made throughout the Apollo program to now as our understanding of the Moon expands. Listen to the percussion, which signals launches and the passage of time; the pitch of the string and brass instruments conveys the amount of scientific activity associated with the Moon over time.

Here’s a breakdown of the individual instruments:

Pitch of the string and brass = scientific activity
Percussion instruments = passage of time
Clock ticking = months
Snare drum = years
Bass drum = decades
Cymbals = launches

In the video, the blue line indicates the amount of scientific activity (the number of scientific publications, citations and patents) in each year that is related to NASA’s Apollo program. The red and yellow lines indicate the amount of scientific activity associated with Apollo samples and Apollo images, respectively. The other colors indicate the amount of scientific activity associated with each of NASA’s lunar robotic missions.

Each year's data represents the number of articles, citations and patents dated in that year and returned by Google Scholar when applying a certain set of keywords.

CREDIT
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

SYSTEM Sounds

Data sonification and visualization by Matt Russo and Andrew Santaguida of SYSTEM Sounds. Data compiled by NASA.

Music credits: "Giant Leaps" by SYSTEM Sounds

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13204

#space #moon #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education

You're Invited!

The next International Observe the Moon Night is tonight !

International Observe the Moon Night is a time to come together with fellow Moon enthusiasts and curious people worldwide. Everyone on Earth is invited to learn about lunar science and exploration, take part in celestial observations, and honor cultural and personal connections to the Moon. We encourage everyone to interpret “observe” broadly!
International Observe the Moon Night occurs annually in September or October, when the Moon is around first quarter ― a great phase for evening observing. A first-quarter Moon offers excellent viewing opportunities along the terminator (the line between night and day), where shadows enhance the Moon’s cratered landscape.
You can join International Observe the Moon Night from wherever you are. Attend or host a virtual or in-person event, or observe the Moon from home. Connect with fellow lunar enthusiasts around the world by using #ObserveTheMoon on your preferred social media platform and visiting the International Observe the Moon Night Flickr group.
Outdoors, at home, online, or wherever you may be, we’re glad to have you with us. However you choose to observe, please follow local guidelines on health and safety.

* Unite people across the globe in a celebration of lunar observation, science, and exploration.

* Provide information, a platform, and resources in order to:

* Raise awareness of NASA’s lunar science and exploration programs.

* Empower people to learn more about the Moon and space science and exploration, using Earth’s Moon as an accessible entry point.

* Facilitate sharing of Moon-inspired stories, images, artwork, and more.

* Inspire continued observation of the Moon, the sky, and the world around us.

* Support all people who are interested in learning more about, and connecting to, the Moon.

https://moon.nasa.gov/observe-the-moon-night/about/overview/
https://moon.nasa.gov/observe-the-moon-night/participate/10-ways-to-observe-the-moon/

#space #moon #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education

Alt...

Video trailer for International Observe the Moon Night 2025.

https://moon.nasa.gov/observe-the-moon-night/

Join In!
The countdown is on.. for the International Observe the Moon Night 2025 on October 4!

https://moon.nasa.gov/observe-the-moon-night/
https://moon.nasa.gov/observe-the-moon-night/register/individual-participation/

#space #moon #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education

A Type II #supernova happens when a massive star’s core runs out of fuel and implodes. In 10 seconds it releases more energy than the Sun will in 10 billion years. 99% of that vanishes as neutrinos, but the little bit left makes it outshine a whole galaxy. If all that energy came as light, even one thousands of light-years away would scorch Earth brighter than the Sun. #astronomy #WA

nazgul is a joint effort by:

* J. Michael Burgess
* Ewan Cameron
* Dmitry Svinkin

Nazgul is a framework for performing GRB localization via fitting non-parametric models to their data time-series and computing the time delay between them. It is currentrly built upon the magic of Stan and implements a parallel version of non-stationary Random Fourier Features. The idea is get away from heuristic methods such as cross-correlation which do not have a self-consistent statitical model.

The idea is that satellites throughout the Sol system observe gamma-ray bursts at different times due to the finite speed of light. This creates a time delay in their observed light curves which can be used to triangulate the gamma-ray burst position on the sky. These triangulation create annuli or rings on the sky which Nazgul searches for so that it, in the darkness, it can bind them to a location on the sky.

Left image:
The heriarchical model is shown below and details can be found in here https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08350. If you find the method and/or code useful in your research we ask that you please cite the paper.

Right image:
The sister program to simulate time-delayed light curves is pyIPN and can be used to generate time-delayed light curves for algorithm testing.
https://github.com/grburgess/pyipn

#space #code #python #science #astronomy #astrophysics #tech #NASA

Alt...

The heriarchical model is shown below and details can be found in here. If you find the method and/or code useful in your research we ask that you please cite the paper.

Alt...

The sister program to simulate time-delayed light curves is pyIPN and can be used to generate time-delayed light curves for algorithm testing.

TOPIC>
Useful Code

The Sequencer: Detect one-dimensional sequences in complex datasets

The Sequencer reveals the main sequence in a dataset if one exists. To do so, it reorders objects within a set to produce the most elongated manifold describing their similarities which are measured in a multi-scale manner and using a collection of metrics. To be generic, it combines information from four different metrics: the Euclidean Distance, the Kullback-Leibler Divergence, the Monge-Wasserstein or Earth Mover Distance, and the Energy Distance. It considers different scales of the data by dividing each object in the input data into separate parts (chunks), and estimating pair-wise similarities between the chunks. It then aggregates the information in each of the chunks into a single estimator for each metric+scale.

https://github.com/dalya/Sequencer

http://sequencer.org/

#space #tech #science #astronomy #code #python #unix #linux #commandline #plotting

Alt...

Shuffled image rows The Sequencer reorders the objects in the input dataset according to a detected sequence, if such sequence exists in the dataset. A good example of a perfect one-dimensional sequence is a natural image: the rows within a natural image form a well-defined sequence. Therefore, we can shuffle the rows in a natural image, and apply the Sequencer to the shuffled dataset. The following figure shows the result of applying the Sequencer to a shuffled natural image. The left panel shows the original image. The middle panel shows the same image after we have shuffled its rows. The shuffled image serves as the input dataset to the Sequencer, where each row is considered as a separate object. The output of the Sequencer is shown in the right panel, where we reordered the rows according to the detected sequence. The Sequencer successfully identified the one-dimensional trend spanned by the different rows.

Command Line Orbit Plotting

OK Binaries Interactive Catalog
https://github.com/mb2448/ok-binaries/

OK Binaries is a tool for identifying suitable calibration binaries from the Washington Double Star (WDS) Sixth Orbit Catalog. It calculates orbital positions at any epoch, propagates uncertainties using Monte Carlo sampling, and generates orbit plots. The web app includes automated daily updates of binary positions and a searchable interface with filters for position, magnitude, separation, and other orbital parameters. OK Binaries can be used online, as a standalone offline browser app, or via the command line.

https://github.com/mb2448/ok-binaries/

https://ok-binaries.streamlit.app/

#space #tech #science #astronomy #code #python #unix #linux #commandline #plotting

Alt...

WDS 00094-2759 - BU 391AB HIP 761 • HD 493 Orbital Elements Period (P) 575.65y ± 247.6 Periastron (T) 2087.66 ± 104.9 Semi-major axis (a) 1.614″ ± 0.49 Eccentricity (e) 0.5022 ± 0.31 Inclination (i) 98.72° ± 3.9 Longitude of periastron (ω) 272.7° ± 42.6 Node (Ω) 76.73° ± 6.5 Additional Information Grade: 4 (1=Definitive, 9=Indeterminate) Equinox: — Last observation: 2013 Reference: Izm2019 Notes kap 1 Scl

CLUES: Clustering tool for analyzing spectral data

CLUES (CLustering UnsupErvised with Sequencer) analyzes spectral and IFU data. This fully interpretable clustering tool uses machine learning to classify and reduce the effective dimensionality of data sets. It combines multiple unsupervised clustering methods with multiscale distance measures using Sequencer (ascl:2105.006) to find representative end-member spectra that can be analyzed with detailed mineralogical modeling and follow-up observations. CLUES has been used on Spitzer IRS data and debris disk science, and can be applied to other high-dimensional spectral data sets, including mineral spectroscopy in general areas of astrophysics and remote sensing.

https://github.com/Ompha/CLUES
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...916...91B/abstract
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ApJS..276...65L/abstract

#space #tech #science #astronomy #code #python #JupyterNotebook #unix #linux

Alt...

Welcome Ha! You've stumbled upon this machine-learning classification tools for spectra and IFU data!

3ML: Framework for multi-wavelength/multi-messenger analysis

The Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) provides a common high-level interface and model definition for coherent and intuitive modeling of sources using all the available data, no matter their origin. Astrophysical sources are observed by different instruments at different wavelengths with an unprecedented quality, and each instrument and data type has its own ad-hoc software and handling procedure. 3ML's architecture is based on plug-ins; the package uses the official software of each instrument under the hood, thus guaranteeing that 3ML is always using the best possible methodology to deal with the data of each instrument. Though Maximum Likelihood is in the name for historical reasons, 3ML is an interface to several Bayesian inference algorithms such as MCMC and nested sampling as well as likelihood optimization algorithms.

https://github.com/threeML/threeML
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv150708343V/abstract
https://github.com/threeML/threeML/blob/master/LICENSE
https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2017/12/software-advances-modeling-astronomical-observations

#code #python #bsd3 #fermi #xspec #hawc #science #astronomy

Alt...

Logo of 3ML The Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML)

3ML: Framework for multi-wavelength/multi-messenger analysis

ThreeML is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) https://www.nsf.gov/

FYI:
https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015arXiv150708343V/abstract

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.08343

#space #code #python #bsd3 #fermi #xspec #hawc #science #astronomy

Alt...

The Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML) provides a common high-level interface and model definition for coherent and intuitive modeling of sources using all the available data, no matter their origin. Astrophysical sources are observed by different instruments at different wavelengths with an unprecedented quality, and each instrument and data type has its own ad-hoc software and handling procedure. 3ML's architecture is based on plug-ins; the package uses the official software of each instrument under the hood, thus guaranteeing that 3ML is always using the best possible methodology to deal with the data of each instrument. Though Maximum Likelihood is in the name for historical reasons, 3ML is an interface to several Bayesian inference algorithms such as MCMC and nested sampling as well as likelihood optimization algorithms.

From technic960183

spherimatch:
A Python package for cross-matching and self-matching in spherical coordinates.

spherimatch is a Python package for efficient cross-matching and self-matching of astronomical catalogs in spherical coordinates. Designed for use in astrophysics, where data is naturally distributed on the celestial sphere, the package enables fast matching with an algorithmic complexity of O(NlogN). It supports Friends-of-Friends (FoF) group identification and duplicate removal in spherical coordinates, and integrates easily with common data processing tools such as pandas.

https://github.com/technic960183/spherimatch

https://technic960183.github.io/spherimatch/tutorial/xmatch.html
https://technic960183.github.io/spherimatch/install.html

https://pypi.org/project/fofpy/
https://linuxtut.com/en/68a22081e848030bc963/

#space #code #python #science #astronomy #astrophysics

AutoWISP

Kaloyan Penev, Angel Romero and S. Javad Jafarzadeh have developed a software pipeline, AutoWISP, for extracting high-precision photometry from citizen scientists' observations made with consumer-grade color digital cameras (digital single-lens reflex, or DSLR, cameras), based on their previously developed tool, AstroWISP. The new pipeline is designed to convert these observations, including color images, into high-precision light curves of stars.

"We outline the individual steps of the pipeline and present a case study using a Sony-alpha 7R II DSLR camera, demonstrating sub-percent photometric precision, and highlighting the benefits of three-color photometry of stars. Project PANOPTES will adopt this photometric pipeline and, we hope, be used by citizen scientists worldwide. Our aim is for AutoWISP to pave the way for potentially transformative contributions from citizen scientists with access to observing equipment."

Code site:
+ AutoWISP
https://github.com/kpenev/AutoWISP
+ Documentation:
https://kpenev.github.io/AutoWISP/

+ AstroWISP
https://github.com/kpenev/AstroWISP
https://pypi.org/project/astrowisp/
+ Documentation
https://kpenev.github.io/AstroWISP/

#space #code #python #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy

Alt...

Briefly, the image processing pipeline steps and their products are shown. The arrows indicate the products of each step and where they will be used.: 1 Calibration 2 Source Extraction 3 Astrometry 4 Photometry 5 PSF Fitting + Aperture Photometry 6 PRF Fitting 7 Magnitude Fitting 8 Light Curve Generation 9 Post Processing

Alt...

Shown is the source extraction versus catalogue projections of our astrometry step placed on top of the corresponding FITS image, where blue squares are the catalogues projected sources and red squares are the extracted sources from our astrometry

Alt...

This is the resulting phase-folded lightcurve for WASP-33 b exoplanet transit, observed by Project PANOPTES (blue points and circles), TESS (red points), and theoretical light curve based on best known system parameters (green curve). The raw PANOPTES-DSLR measurements, originating from the 4 color channels of 4 cameras in Hawaii (Mauna Loa observatory) and California (Mt Wilson) are shown as blue points. The blue points are binned in time to create the blue circles and corresponding error bars. Note that the scatter in TESS points is not instrumental, but rather it is intrinsic variability in the host star, which is a member of the delta-Scuti class of variable stars.

Alt...

The scatter (median absolute deviation from the median) of the individual channel lightcurves of PANOPTES observations of a 10 × 15 degree field centered on FU Orionis, with each of their corresponding image colors (RGGB). We see that AutoWISP enables a few parts per thousand photometric precision per exposure even from images with Bayer masks, significantly outperforming prior efforts. Even individual color channels result in better than 1% photometry per 2 min exposure.

Thanks to Sam Van Kooten
https://github.com/svank

wispr-analysis

Shared tools for WISPR data analysis

Some highlights

plot_utils.py
+ plot_WISPR:
Aims to be a versatile function that does the Right Thing for plotting WISPR images, with colorbar bounds that are adjusted for inner and outer FOV and for L2 or L3 images, a square-root-scaled colorbar, and WCS coordinate support
+ *_axis_dates: Helper util for labeling a temporal axis with dates.
+ plot_orbit:
Reads a directory (or nested set of directories) of WISPR files and plots a diagram showing the orbital path of PSP and the locations where images were taken, like this:

projections.py
+ reproject_to_radial: Proof-of-concept code for reprojecting data into a radial coordinate system (where each row of the output array is a radial line out from the Sun.

data_cleaning.py
+ dust_streak_filter: Code for identifying debris streaks in the WISPR images
+ clean_fits_files: Function to batch-run dust_streak_filter on a directory of images.

composites.py
+ gen_composite: Reprojects an inner- and outer-FOV image into a common coordinate system

utils.py
+ to_timestamp: Parse a timestamp from a handful of formats, including the timestamps inside WISPR headers, or entire WISPR filenames. Returns a numerical timestamp.
+ collect_files: Walks a directory of WISPR files (or a directory of subdirectories of WISPR images), identifies all the WISPR images, sorts them, and separates them by inner and outer FOVs.
+ ignore_fits_warnings: Suppresses the warnings Astropy raises when reading WISPR FITS files or parsing WCS data.

https://github.com/svank/wispr_analysis
Documentation:
https://svank.github.io/wispr_analysis/

#space #code #python #science #astronomy #astrophysics #tech #NASA

Alt...

Some highlights plot_utils.py + plot_WISPR: Aims to be a versatile function that does the Right Thing for plotting WISPR images, with colorbar bounds that are adjusted for inner and outer FOV and for L2 or L3 images, a square-root-scaled colorbar, and WCS coordinate support *_axis_dates: Helper util for labeling a temporal axis with dates. + plot_orbit: Reads a directory (or nested set of directories) of WISPR files and plots a diagram showing the orbital path of PSP and the locations where images were taken, like this: projections.py + reproject_to_radial: Proof-of-concept code for reprojecting data into a radial coordinate system (where each row of the output array is a radial line out from the Sun. data_cleaning.py + dust_streak_filter: Code for identifying debris streaks in the WISPR images clean_fits_files: Function to batch-run dust_streak_filter on a directory of images. composites.py + gen_composite: Reprojects an inner- and outer-FOV image into a common coordinate system utils.py + to_timestamp: Parse a timestamp from a handful of formats, including the timestamps inside WISPR headers, or entire WISPR filenames. Returns a numerical timestamp. + collect_files: Walks a directory of WISPR files (or a directory of subdirectories of WISPR images), identifies all the WISPR images, sorts them, and separates them by inner and outer FOVs. + ignore_fits_warnings: Suppresses the warnings Astropy raises when reading WISPR FITS files or parsing WCS data.

2025-08-20

Leandro Beraldo e Silva released four days ago:
lberaldoesilva/tropygal version 0.1.4
Entropy estimates and distribution functions for galactic dynamics

tropygal is a pure-python package for entropy estimates in the context of galactic dynamics, but can be used in other contexts too. It also provides functions for analytical distribution functions and density of states for models that have analytical expressions.

** Acknowledgements
Development of tropygal was supported by the following research grants:
+ NASA ATP awards 80NSSC20K0509 and 80NSSC24K0938
+ U.S. NSF AAG grant AST-2009122
+ STFC Ernest Rutherford fellowship (ST/X004066/1)
+ JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP24K07101, JP21K13965, and JP21H00053
+ CNPq (309723/2020-5)
+ Heising Simons Foundation grant # 2022-3927

** Funding agencies:
+ NASA ATP - NASA Astrophysical Theory Program (US)
+ NSF - National Science Foundation (US)
+ STFC - Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
+ JSPS - Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Japan)
+ CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil)
+ Heising Simons Foundation (US)

https://github.com/lberaldoesilva/tropygal
https://tropygal.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/BF00773669?sharing_token=c10vjrwKcPemuJugFt8GPPe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY4It9IZvz0cQPRbyx9xcOC67oJ1uYrQB3lur75MCDwqdPXd8sWtzve-hL8JYGekYHqhITNJ3f12mXyjbTmMIqid10HwkWoYRAWdltK0BTwIew%3D%3D
https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/1/13

#space #code #python #science #astronomy #astrophysics #tech #NASA

PIRATES
(Polarimetric Image Reconstruction AI for Tracing Evolved Structures)
uses machine learning to perform image reconstruction.

It uses MCFOST to generate models, then uses those models to build, train, iteratively fit, and evaluate PIRATES performance.

Optical interferometric image reconstruction is a challenging, ill-posed optimization problem which usually relies on heavy regularization for convergence. Conventional algorithms regularize in the pixel domain, without cognizance of spatial relationships or physical realism, with limited utility when this information is needed to reconstruct images. Here we present PIRATES (Polarimetric Image Reconstruction AI for Tracing Evolved Structures), the first image reconstruction algorithm for optical polarimetric interferometry. PIRATES has a dual structure optimized for parsimonious reconstruction of high fidelity polarized images and accurate reproduction of interferometric observables. The first stage, a convolutional neural network (CNN), learns a physically meaningful prior of self-consistent polarized scattering relationships from radiative transfer images. The second stage, an iterative fitting mechanism, uses the CNN as a prior for subsequent refinement of the images with respect to their polarized interferometric observables. Unlike the pixel-wise adjustments of traditional image reconstruction codes, PIRATES reconstructs images in a latent feature space, imparting a structurally derived implicit regularization.

https://github.com/LucindaLilley/PIRATES
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025arXiv250511950L/abstract
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.11950

CREDITS:
Lilley, Lucinda ; Norris, Barnaby ; Tuthill, Peter ; Spalding, Eckhart ; Lucas, Miles ; Zhang, Manxuan ; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell ; Pinte, Christophe ; Bottom, Michael ; Guyon, Olivier ; Lozi, Julien ; Deo, Vincent ; Vievard, Sébastien ; Wong, Alison P. ; Ahn, Kyohoon ; Ashcraft, Jaren

#space #code #python #science #astronomy #astrophysics #tech

Alt...

Optical interferometric image reconstruction is a challenging, ill-posed optimization problem which usually relies on heavy regularization for convergence. Conventional algorithms regularize in the pixel domain, without cognizance of spatial relationships or physical realism, with limited utility when this information is needed to reconstruct images. Here we present PIRATES (Polarimetric Image Reconstruction AI for Tracing Evolved Structures), the first image reconstruction algorithm for optical polarimetric interferometry. PIRATES has a dual structure optimized for parsimonious reconstruction of high fidelity polarized images and accurate reproduction of interferometric observables. The first stage, a convolutional neural network (CNN), learns a physically meaningful prior of self-consistent polarized scattering relationships from radiative transfer images. The second stage, an iterative fitting mechanism, uses the CNN as a prior for subsequent refinement of the images with respect to their polarized interferometric observables. Unlike the pixel-wise adjustments of traditional image reconstruction codes, PIRATES reconstructs images in a latent feature space, imparting a structurally derived implicit regularization. We demonstrate that PIRATES can reconstruct high fidelity polarized images of a broad range of complex circumstellar environments, in a physically meaningful and internally consistent manner, and that latent space regularization can effectively [..]

Alt...

The performance of PIRATES with signal to noise consistent with recent VAMPIRES NRM data, with no algorithmic treatment to constrain the influence of noise. Visibilities and closure phases with injected noise and corre- sponding error bars are plotted in columns 1 and 2. Stage 1 (CNN) does a good job of a moderate resolution and low noise reconstruction of the ground truth (top row, columns 3-5), however, significant amounts of noise are introduced into the images during the iterative fitting (middle row, columns 3-5). The ground truth images are displayed in the bottom row, columns 3-5.

Abell 2744: Pandora's Cluster Revealed

X-ray, Optical & Lensing Map Images of Abell 2744

One of the most complicated and dramatic collisions between galaxy clusters ever seen is captured in this new composite image. This collision site, known officially as Abell 2744, has been dubbed "Pandora's Cluster" because of the wide variety of different structures seen. Data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory are colored red, showing gas with temperatures of millions of degrees. In blue is a map showing the total mass concentration (mostly dark matter) based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT), and the Japanese Subaru telescope. Optical data from HST and VLT also show the constituent galaxies of the clusters.

The "core" region shows a bullet-shaped structure in the X-ray emitting hot gas and a separation between the hot gas and the dark matter. (As a guide, local peaks in the distribution of hot gas and overall matter in the different regions are shown with red and blue circles respectively). This separation occurs because electric forces between colliding particles in the clouds of hot gas create a friction that slows them down, while dark matter is unaffected by such forces.

In the Northwest ("NW") region, a much larger separation is seen between the hot gas and the dark matter. Surprisingly, the hot gas leads the "dark" clump (mostly dark matter) by about 500,000 light years. [...]

https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/a2744/

CREDIT
X-ray: NASA/CXC/ITA/INAF/J.Merten et al
Lensing: NASA/STScI; NAOJ/Subaru; ESO/VLT
Optical: NASA/STScI/R.Dupke)

#space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA #education

Alt...

The composite image of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 showcases an array of distant galaxies, hot gas and other celestial objects. The image features a vibrant pink and blue-purple hue, which is prevalent throughout the galaxy cluster, creating a captivating contrast against the dark blue background. At the center of the image, there is a large hot pink gaseous shape, almost like a mottled bird, diving into the more blue-purple nebulous area. The gaseous, nebulous shapes are littered with bright white-yellow pops of light, like too many holiday lights on a tree. This object was created by one of the most complicated and dramatic collisions between galaxy clusters ever seen. It has been dubbed "Pandora's Cluster" because of the wide variety of different structures seen. Data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory are colored pink-red, showing gas with temperatures of millions of degrees. In blue is a map showing the total mass concentration (mostly dark matter) based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope, and the Japanese Subaru telescope. Optical data also show the constituent galaxies of the clusters. The "core" region shows a slightly bullet shaped structure in the X-ray emitting hot gas (the diving bird) and a separation between the hot gas and the dark matter. This separation occurs because electromagnetic forces between colliding particles in the clouds of hot gas create a friction that slows them down, while dark matter is unaffected by such forces

Alt...

Labeled image of Abell 2744 These images feature one of the most complicated and dramatic collisions between galaxy clusters ever seen. Known officially as Abell 2744, this system has been dubbed "Pandora's Cluster" because of the wide variety of different structures found. Data from Chandra show gas with temperatures of millions of degrees. Next is a map showing the total mass concentration (mostly dark matter) based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope (VLT), and the Subaru telescope. Optical data from HST and VLT also show the constituent galaxies of the clusters. Astronomers think at least four galaxy clusters coming from a variety of directions are involved with this collision. CREDIT X-ray: NASA/CXC/ITA/INAF/J.Merten et al, Lensing: NASA/STScI; NAOJ/Subaru; ESO/VLT, Optical: NASA/STScI/R.Dupke

Alt...

LMap image of Abell 2744 CREDIT X-ray: NASA/CXC/ITA/INAF/J.Merten et al, Lensing: NASA/STScI; NAOJ/Subaru; ESO/VLT, Optical: NASA/STScI/R.Dupke

Alt...

X-ray image of Abell 2744 CREDIT X-ray: NASA/CXC/ITA/INAF/J.Merten et al, Lensing: NASA/STScI; NAOJ/Subaru; ESO/VLT, Optical: NASA/STScI/R.Dupke

Take a Tour of Pandora’s Cluster

This video tours Pandora’s Cluster (Abell 2744), a region where multiple clusters of galaxies are in the process of merging to form a megacluster. Astronomers estimate 50,000 sources of near-infrared light are represented in this image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope.

The concentration of mass in Pandora’s Cluster is so great that the fabric of spacetime is warped by gravity, creating an effect that makes the region of special interest to astronomers: a natural, super-magnifying glass called a “gravitational lens” that they can use to see very distant sources of light beyond the cluster that would otherwise be undetectable, even to Webb. These lensed sources, which are particularly prominent in the lower right area, appear red in the image, and often as elongated arcs distorted by the gravitational lens.

The video also highlights a mysterious object that appears to be no more than a red dot. One theory is that this source of infrared light is a glowing disk of gas surrounding a supermassive black hole in the early universe.

Credit
Video: STScI, Danielle Kirshenblat; Music: PremiumBeat Music, Klaus Hergersheimer; Science: Ivo Labbe (Swinburne), Rachel Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh); Image Processing: STScI, Alyssa Pagan

https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/take-a-tour-of-pandoras-cluster/ <- Due to the lapse in federal government funding, NASA is not updating this website.

#space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

2025 October 3

Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies
* Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ivo Labbe (Swinburne), Rachel Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh)
https://www.nasa.gov/
https://www.esa.int/
https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/
* Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI)
https://www.stsci.edu/

Explanation:
This deep field mosaicked image presents a stunning view of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 recorded by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam. Also dubbed Pandora's Cluster, Abell 2744 itself appears to be a ponderous merger of three different massive galaxy clusters. It lies some 3.5 billion light-years away, toward the constellation Sculptor. Dominated by dark matter, the mega-cluster warps and distorts the fabric of spacetime, gravitationally lensing even more distant objects. Redder than the Pandora cluster galaxies, many of the lensed sources are very distant galaxies in the early Universe, their lensed images stretched and distorted into arcs. Of course, distinctive diffraction spikes mark foreground Milky Way stars. At the Pandora Cluster's estimated distance, this cosmic box spans about 6 million light-years. But don't panic. You can explore the tantalizing region in a 2 minute video tour.
https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-uncovers-new-details-in-pandoras-cluster/
FYI in Gravitational Lensing you might want to see:
https://defcon.social/@grobi/114374350096488478

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/fap/ap220319.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap251003.html <- Due to the lapse in federal government funding, NASA is not updating this website.

#NASA #inofficial #space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature

Alt...

2025 October 3 Pandora's Cluster of Galaxies * Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Ivo Labbe (Swinburne), Rachel Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh) * Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI) Explanation: This deep field mosaicked image presents a stunning view of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 recorded by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam. Also dubbed Pandora's Cluster, Abell 2744 itself appears to be a ponderous merger of three different massive galaxy clusters. It lies some 3.5 billion light-years away, toward the constellation Sculptor. Dominated by dark matter, the mega-cluster warps and distorts the fabric of spacetime, gravitationally lensing even more distant objects. Redder than the Pandora cluster galaxies, many of the lensed sources are very distant galaxies in the early Universe, their lensed images stretched and distorted into arcs. Of course, distinctive diffraction spikes mark foreground Milky Way stars. At the Pandora Cluster's estimated distance, this cosmic box spans about 6 million light-years. But don't panic. You can explore the tantalizing region in a 2 minute video tour. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 July 26

Globular Cluster Omega Centauri
* Image Credit & Copyright: Data acquisition - SkyFlux Team, Processing - Leo Shatz
https://app.astrobin.com/u/spinlock#gallery

Explanation:
Globular star cluster Omega Centauri packs about 10 million stars much older than the Sun into a volume some 150 light-years in diameter. Also known as NGC 5139, at a distance of 15,000 light-years it's the largest and brightest of 200 or so known globular clusters that roam the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. Though most star clusters consist of stars with the same age and composition, the enigmatic Omega Cen exhibits the presence of different stellar populations with a spread of ages and chemical abundances. In fact, Omega Cen may be the remnant core of a small galaxy merging with the Milky Way. With a yellowish hue, Omega Centauri's red giant stars are easy to pick out in this sharp telescopic view. A two-decade-long exploration of the dense star cluster with the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed evidence for a massive black hole near the center of Omega Centauri.
https://app.astrobin.com/i/7na4mz
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A%26A...653L...8L/abstract
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
https://earthsky.org/clusters-nebulae-galaxies/omega-centauri-milky-ways-prize-star-cluster/
https://esahubble.org/news/heic0809/

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250726.html

About Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in Omega Centauri:
https://defcon.social/@grobi/114918173169808417

#space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 July 26 Globular Cluster Omega Centauri * Image Credit & Copyright: Data acquisition - SkyFlux Team, Processing - Leo Shatz Explanation: Globular star cluster Omega Centauri packs about 10 million stars much older than the Sun into a volume some 150 light-years in diameter. Also known as NGC 5139, at a distance of 15,000 light-years it's the largest and brightest of 200 or so known globular clusters that roam the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. Though most star clusters consist of stars with the same age and composition, the enigmatic Omega Cen exhibits the presence of different stellar populations with a spread of ages and chemical abundances. In fact, Omega Cen may be the remnant core of a small galaxy merging with the Milky Way. With a yellowish hue, Omega Centauri's red giant stars are easy to pick out in this sharp telescopic view. A two-decade-long exploration of the dense star cluster with the Hubble Space Telescope has revealed evidence for a massive black hole near the center of Omega Centauri. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 August 7

The Double Cluster in Perseus
* Image Credit & Copyright: Ron Brecher
https://astrodoc.ca/about-me/

Explanation:
This stunning starfield spans about three full moons (1.5 degrees) across the heroic northern constellation of Perseus. It holds the famous pair of open star clusters, h and Chi Persei. Also cataloged as NGC 869 (right) and NGC 884, both clusters are about 7,000 light-years away and contain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. Separated by only a few hundred light-years, the clusters are both 13 million years young based on the ages of their individual stars, evidence that both clusters were likely a product of the same star-forming region. Always a rewarding sight in binoculars or small telescopes, the Double Cluster is even visible to the unaided eye from dark locations.
https://astrodoc.ca/double-cluster-2025/
https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-caldwell-catalog/caldwell-14/
http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n0869.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0205130

https://astrobackyard.com/double-cluster-in-perseus/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_(constellation)
http://www.messier.seds.org/open.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250807.html

#space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 August 7 The Double Cluster in Perseus * Image Credit & Copyright: Ron Brecher Explanation: This stunning starfield spans about three full moons (1.5 degrees) across the heroic northern constellation of Perseus. It holds the famous pair of open star clusters, h and Chi Persei. Also cataloged as NGC 869 (right) and NGC 884, both clusters are about 7,000 light-years away and contain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. Separated by only a few hundred light-years, the clusters are both 13 million years young based on the ages of their individual stars, evidence that both clusters were likely a product of the same star-forming region. Always a rewarding sight in binoculars or small telescopes, the Double Cluster is even visible to the unaided eye from dark locations. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 August 14

M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules
* Image Credit & Copyright: R. Jay Gabany
https://www.cosmotography.com/index.html

Explanation:
In 1716, English astronomer Edmond Halley noted, "This is but a little Patch, but it shews itself to the naked Eye, when the Sky is serene and the Moon absent." Of course, M13 is now less modestly recognized as the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules, one of the brightest globular star clusters in the northern sky. Sharp telescopic views like this one reveal the spectacular cluster's hundreds of thousands of stars. At a distance of 25,000 light-years, the cluster stars crowd into a region 150 light-years in diameter. Approaching the cluster core, upwards of 100 stars could be contained in a cube just 3 light-years on a side. For comparison with our neighborhood of the Milky Way, the closest star to the Sun is over 4 light-years away. Early telescopic observers of the great globular cluster also noted a curious convergence of three dark lanes with a spacing of about 120 degrees, seen here just below the cluster center. Known as the propeller in M13, the shape is likely a chance optical effect of the distribution of stars viewed from our perspective against the dense cluster core.
http://www.messier.seds.org/m/m013.html
https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/a-celestial-snow-globe-of-stars/
https://www.cosmotography.com/images/small_ngc6205.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster
http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/similar/halley_pt.html
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/halley_edmond.shtml
https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/gobs-of-globs-guide-to-16-spring-globular-clusters/

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250814.html

#space #cluster #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 August 14 M13: The Great Globular Cluster in Hercules * Image Credit & Copyright: R. Jay Gabany Explanation: In 1716, English astronomer Edmond Halley noted, "This is but a little Patch, but it shews itself to the naked Eye, when the Sky is serene and the Moon absent." Of course, M13 is now less modestly recognized as the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules, one of the brightest globular star clusters in the northern sky. Sharp telescopic views like this one reveal the spectacular cluster's hundreds of thousands of stars. At a distance of 25,000 light-years, the cluster stars crowd into a region 150 light-years in diameter. Approaching the cluster core, upwards of 100 stars could be contained in a cube just 3 light-years on a side. For comparison with our neighborhood of the Milky Way, the closest star to the Sun is over 4 light-years away. Early telescopic observers of the great globular cluster also noted a curious convergence of three dark lanes with a spacing of about 120 degrees, seen here just below the cluster center. Known as the propeller in M13, the shape is likely a chance optical effect of the distribution of stars viewed from our perspective against the dense cluster core. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

To help understand the diversity of terrain and to piece together how Pluto’s surface has formed and evolved over time, mission scientists construct geological maps like the one shown upper left.

This map covers a portion of Pluto’s surface that measures 1,290 miles (2,070 kilometers) from top to bottom, and includes the vast nitrogen-ice plain informally named Sputnik Planum and surrounding terrain. As the key in the figure below indicates, the map is overlaid with colors that represent different geological terrains. Each terrain, or unit, is defined by its texture and morphology – smooth, pitted, craggy, hummocky or ridged, for example. How well a unit can be defined depends on the resolution of the images that cover it. All of the terrain in this map has been imaged at a resolution of approximately 1,050 feet (320 meters) per pixel or better, meaning scientists can map units with relative confidence The various blue and greenish units that fill the center of the map represent different textures seen across Sputnik Planum, from the cellular terrain in the center and north, to the smooth and pitted plains in the south. The black lines represent troughs that mark the boundaries of cellular regions in the nitrogen ice. The purple unit represents the chaotic, blocky mountain ranges that line Sputnik’s western border, and the pink unit represents the scattered, floating hills at its eastern edge. The possible cryovolcanic feature informally named Wright Mons is mapped in red in the southern corner of the map. The rugged highlands of the informally named Cthulhu Regio are mapped in dark brown along the western edge, pockmarked by many large impact craters, shown in yellow.
[...]

Please read more in the ALT-Text of the map (left image)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia#/media/File:Pluto's_Sputnik_Planum_geologic_map_(cropped).jpg

#space #pluto #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA #education

Alt...

[...] By studying how the boundaries between units crosscut one another, mission scientists can determine which units overlie others, and assemble a relative chronology for the different units. For example, the yellow craters (at left, on the western edge of the map) must have formed after their surrounding terrain. Producing such maps is important for gauging what processes have operated where on Pluto, and when they occurred relative to other processes at work. The base map for this geologic map is a mosaic of 12 images obtained by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) at a resolution of 1,280 feet (about 390 meters) per pixel. The mosaic was obtained at a range of approximately 48,000 miles (77,300 kilometers) from Pluto, about an hour and 40 minutes before New Horizons' closest approach on July 14, 2015. (Last Updated: Feb. 11, 2016 - Editor: Tricia Talbert) The original NASA image has been cropped by the uploader. CREDIT NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute

Alt...

Annotated map of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto - Geological mapping of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto, Icarus (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.011 CREDIT Oliver L. White, Jeffrey M. Moore, William B. McKinnon, John R. Spencer, Alan D. Howard, Paul M. Schenk, Ross A. Beyer, Francis Nimmo, Kelsi N. Singer, Orkan M. Umurhan, S. Alan Stern, Kimberly Ennico, Cathy B. Olkin, Harold A. Weaver, Leslie A. Young, Andrew F. Cheng, Tanguy Bertrand, Richard P. Binzel, Alissa M. Earle, Will M. Grundy, Tod R. Lauer, Silvia Protopapa, Stuart J. Robbins, Bernard Schmitt, the New Horizons Science Team

Alt...

A topographic image of the Sputnik Planitia basin, showing the rising scarps bordering the glacial plains. The banding is an artefact of the camera. - Geological mapping of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto, Icarus (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.011 CREDIT Oliver L. White, Jeffrey M. Moore, William B. McKinnon, John R. Spencer, Alan D. Howard, Paul M. Schenk, Ross A. Beyer, Francis Nimmo, Kelsi N. Singer, Orkan M. Umurhan, S. Alan Stern, Kimberly Ennico, Cathy B. Olkin, Harold A. Weaver, Leslie A. Young, Andrew F. Cheng, Tanguy Bertrand, Richard P. Binzel, Alissa M. Earle, Will M. Grundy, Tod R. Lauer, Silvia Protopapa, Stuart J. Robbins, Bernard Schmitt, the New Horizons Science Team

Alt...

Mosaic of high-resolution LORRI images of Pluto, sent back from NASA's New Horizons spacecraft from Sept. 5 to 7, 2015. The image is dominated by the informally-named icy plain Sputnik Planum, the smooth, bright region across the center. This image also features a tremendous variety of other landscapes surrounding Sputnik. The smallest visible features are 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers) in size, and the mosaic covers a region roughly 1,000 miles (1600 kilometers) wide. The image was taken as New Horizons flew past Pluto on July 14, 2015, from a distance of 50,000 miles (80,000 kilometers). The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, designed, built, and operates the New Horizons spacecraft, and manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Southwest Research Institute, based in San Antonio, leads the science team, payload operations and encounter science planning. New Horizons is part of the New Frontiers Program managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. UPLOADER NOTES: The original NASA image has been modified by the uploader as follows: rotating clockwise 90°, extending the lower border by 154 pixels, and converting from TIFF to JPEG format. North is to the upper right.

Secrets Revealed from Pluto’s ‘Twilight Zone’

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft took this stunning image of Pluto only a few minutes after closest approach on July 14, 2015. The image was obtained at a high phase angle -- that is, with the sun on the other side of Pluto, as viewed by New Horizons. Seen here, sunlight filters through and illuminates Pluto's complex atmospheric haze layers. The southern portions of the nitrogen ice plains informally named Sputnik Planum, as well as mountains of the informally named Norgay Montes, can also be seen across Pluto's crescent at the top of the image.

Looking back at Pluto with images like this gives New Horizons scientists information about Pluto's hazes and surface properties that they can't get from images taken on approach. The image was obtained by New Horizons' Ralph/Multispectral Visual Imaging Camera (MVIC) approximately 13,400 miles (21,550 kilometers) from Pluto, about 19 minutes after New Horizons' closest approach. The image has a resolution of 1,400 feet (430 meters) per pixel. Pluto's diameter is 1,475 miles (2,374 kilometers).
[...]
Please read about the annotations in ALT-Text.

CREDIT
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, designed, built, and operates the New Horizons spacecraft, and manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Southwest Research Institute, based in San Antonio, leads the science team, payload operations and encounter science planning. New Horizons is part of the New Frontiers Program managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/secrets-revealed-from-plutos-twilight-zone/

#space #pluto #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #physics #nature #NASA #education

Alt...

Annotated Version of image in previous post The inset at top right in the annotated version shows a detail of Pluto's crescent, including an intriguing bright wisp (near the center) measuring tens of miles across that may be a discreet, low-lying cloud in Pluto's atmosphere; if so, it would be the only one yet identified in New Horizons imagery. This cloud -- if that's what it is -- is visible for the same reason the haze layers are so bright: illumination from the sunlight grazing Pluto's surface at a low angle. Atmospheric models suggest that methane clouds can occasionally form in Pluto's atmosphere. The scene in this inset is 140 miles (230 kilometers) across. The inset at bottom right shows more detail on the night side of Pluto. This terrain can be seen because it is illuminated from behind by hazes that silhouette the of the annotated version limb. The topography here appears quite rugged, and broad valleys and sharp peaks with relief totaling 3 miles (5 kilometers) are apparent. This image, made from closer range, is much better than the lower-resolution images of this same terrain taken several days before closest approach. These silhouetted terrains therefore act as a useful "anchor point," giving New Horizons scientists a rare, detailed glimpse at the lay of the land in this mysterious part of Pluto seen at high resolution only in twilight. The scene in this inset is 460 miles (750 kilometers) wide.

TOPIC> Pluto

2025 October 2

Pluto at Night
* Image Credit: NASA, Johns Hopkins Univ./APL, Southwest Research Institute
http://www.nasa.gov/
http://www.jhuapl.edu/
http://www.swri.edu/

Explanation:
The night side of Pluto spans this shadowy scene. In the stunning spacebased perspective, the Sun is 4.9 billion kilometers (almost 4.5 light-hours) behind the dim and distant world. It was captured by far flung New Horizons in July of 2015 when the spacecraft was at a range of some 21,000 kilometers from Pluto. That was about 19 minutes after its closest approach. A denizen of the Kuiper Belt in dramatic silhouette, the image also reveals Pluto's tenuous, surprisingly complex layers of hazy atmosphere. Near the top of the frame the crescent twilight landscape includes southern areas of nitrogen ice plains now formally known as Sputnik Planitia and rugged mountains of water-ice in the Norgay Montes.
https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/secrets-revealed-from-plutos-twilight-zone/
https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Planitia
https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/fap/ap251002.html

#NASA #inofficial #space #pluto #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature

Alt...

2025 October 2 Pluto at Night * Image Credit: NASA, Johns Hopkins Univ./APL, Southwest Research Institute Explanation: The night side of Pluto spans this shadowy scene. In the stunning spacebased perspective, the Sun is 4.9 billion kilometers (almost 4.5 light-hours) behind the dim and distant world. It was captured by far flung New Horizons in July of 2015 when the spacecraft was at a range of some 21,000 kilometers from Pluto. That was about 19 minutes after its closest approach. A denizen of the Kuiper Belt in dramatic silhouette, the image also reveals Pluto's tenuous, surprisingly complex layers of hazy atmosphere. Near the top of the frame the crescent twilight landscape includes southern areas of nitrogen ice plains now formally known as Sputnik Planitia and rugged mountains of water-ice in the Norgay Montes. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 August 6

Meteor before Galaxy
* Image Credit & Copyright: Fritz Helmut Hemmerich
https://www.flickr.com/people/fhhemmerich/

Explanation:
What's that green streak in front of the Andromeda galaxy? A meteor. While photographing the Andromeda galaxy in 2016, near the peak of the Perseid Meteor Shower, a small pebble from deep space crossed right in front of our Milky Way Galaxy's far-distant companion. The small meteor took only a fraction of a second to pass through this 10-degree field. The meteor flared several times while braking violently upon entering Earth's atmosphere. The green color was created, at least in part, by the meteor's gas glowing as it vaporized. Although the exposure was timed to catch a Perseid meteor, the orientation of the imaged streak seems a better match to a meteor from the Southern Delta Aquariids, a meteor shower that peaked a few weeks earlier. Not coincidentally, the Perseid Meteor Shower peaks next week, although this year the meteors will have to outshine a sky brightened by a nearly full moon.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250806.html

#space #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 August 6 A starfield has the Andromeda galaxy in the center. Streaking down from the top is a green line with several bright segments -- a meteor captured coincidently. Please see the explanation for more detailed information. Meteor before Galaxy * Image Credit & Copyright: Fritz Helmut Hemmerich Explanation: What's that green streak in front of the Andromeda galaxy? A meteor. While photographing the Andromeda galaxy in 2016, near the peak of the Perseid Meteor Shower, a small pebble from deep space crossed right in front of our Milky Way Galaxy's far-distant companion. The small meteor took only a fraction of a second to pass through this 10-degree field. The meteor flared several times while braking violently upon entering Earth's atmosphere. The green color was created, at least in part, by the meteor's gas glowing as it vaporized. Although the exposure was timed to catch a Perseid meteor, the orientation of the imaged streak seems a better match to a meteor from the Southern Delta Aquariids, a meteor shower that peaked a few weeks earlier. Not coincidentally, the Perseid Meteor Shower peaks next week, although this year the meteors will have to outshine a sky brightened by a nearly full moon. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

TOPIC> Perseids & Co. Meteor Showers

2023 August 24

Meteors along the Milky Way
* Image Credit & Copyright: Ali Hosseini Nezhad

Explanation:
Under dark and mostly moonless night skies, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. Seen from a grassy hillside from Shiraz, Iran these Perseid meteors streak along the northern summer Milky Way before dawn on Sunday, August 13. Frames used to construct the composited image were captured near the active annual meteor shower's peak between 02:00 AM and 04:30 AM local time. Not in this night skyscape, the shower's radiant in the heroic constellation Perseus is far above the camera's field of view. But fans of northern summer nights can still spot a familiar asterism. Formed by bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair, the Summer Triangle spans the luminous band of the Milky Way.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230824.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2023 August 24 Meteors along the Milky Way * Image Credit & Copyright: Ali Hosseini Nezhad Explanation: Under dark and mostly moonless night skies, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. Seen from a grassy hillside from Shiraz, Iran these Perseid meteors streak along the northern summer Milky Way before dawn on Sunday, August 13. Frames used to construct the composited image were captured near the active annual meteor shower's peak between 02:00 AM and 04:30 AM local time. Not in this night skyscape, the shower's radiant in the heroic constellation Perseus is far above the camera's field of view. But fans of northern summer nights can still spot a familiar asterism. Formed by bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair, the Summer Triangle spans the luminous band of the Milky Way. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

Annotations for previous post.

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

Annotations for previous post. 2023 August 24 Meteors along the Milky Way * Image Credit & Copyright: Ali Hosseini Nezhad Explanation: Under dark and mostly moonless night skies, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. Seen from a grassy hillside from Shiraz, Iran these Perseid meteors streak along the northern summer Milky Way before dawn on Sunday, August 13. Frames used to construct the composited image were captured near the active annual meteor shower's peak between 02:00 AM and 04:30 AM local time. Not in this night skyscape, the shower's radiant in the heroic constellation Perseus is far above the camera's field of view. But fans of northern summer nights can still spot a familiar asterism. Formed by bright stars Deneb, Vega, and Altair, the Summer Triangle spans the luminous band of the Milky Way. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

Perseids
NASA Science Editorial Team

Perseids Meteor Shower

The Perseids meteor shower peaks in mid-August, and is the most popular meteor shower of the year.

About the Meteor Shower

The Perseids, which peaks in mid-August, is considered the best meteor shower of the year. With swift and bright meteors, Perseids frequently leave long "wakes" of light and color behind them as they streak through Earth's atmosphere. The Perseids are one of the most plentiful showers with about 50 to 100 meteors seen per hour. They occur with warm summer nighttime weather allowing sky watchers to comfortably view them.

Perseids are also known for their fireballs. Fireballs are larger explosions of light and color that can persist longer than an average meteor streak. This is due to the fact that fireballs originate from larger particles of cometary material. Fireballs are also brighter, with apparent magnitudes greater than -3.
Viewing Tips

The Perseids are best viewed in the Northern Hemisphere during the pre-dawn hours, though at times it is possible to view meteors from this shower as early as 10 p.m.
Where Do Meteors Come From?

Meteors come from leftover comet particles and bits from broken asteroids. When comets come around the Sun, they leave a dusty trail behind them. Every year Earth passes through these debris trails, which allows the bits to collide with our atmosphere and disintegrate to create fiery and colorful streaks in the sky.
The Comet

The pieces of space debris that interact with our atmosphere to create the Perseids originate from comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. Swift-Tuttle takes 133 years to orbit the Sun once. It was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in 1865 that this comet was the source of the Perseids. Comet Swift-Tuttle last visited the inner solar system in 1992.

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/meteors-meteorites/perseids/

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

Meteors from the Perseids Meteor Shower streak across a partly cloudy sky above Inyo National Forest in Bishop, California, in 2024. CREDIT NASA/Preston Dyches _____ Fast Facts Comet of Origin 109P/Swift-Tuttle Radiant Constellation Perseus Active July 17 to Aug. 23, 2025 (Peak night: Aug. 12-13) Observed Under Dark Skies About 25 meteors per hour Meteor Velocity 37 miles (59 km) per second ____ The Comet The pieces of space debris that interact with our atmosphere to create the Perseids originate from comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. Swift-Tuttle takes 133 years to orbit the Sun once. It was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in 1865 that this comet was the source of the Perseids. Comet Swift-Tuttle last visited the inner solar system in 1992. Comet Swift-Tuttle was discovered in 1862 by Lewis Swift and Horace Tuttle. Swift-Tuttle is a large comet: its nucleus is 16 miles (26 kilometers) across. (This is almost twice the size of the object hypothesized to have led to the demise of the dinosaurs.) Their radiant – the point in the sky from which the Perseids appear to come – is the constellation Perseus. This is also where we get the name for the shower: Perseids. However, the constellation for which a meteor shower is named only serves to aid viewers in determining which shower they are viewing on a given night. The constellation is not the source of the meteors.

2024 August 9

A Perseid Below
* Image Credit: Ron Garan, ISS Expedition 28 Crew, NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/mission/expedition-28/
https://www.nasa.gov/

Explanation:
Denizens of planet Earth typically watch meteor showers by looking up. But this remarkable view, captured on August 13, 2011 by astronaut Ron Garan, caught a Perseid meteor by looking down. From Garan's perspective on board the International Space Station orbiting at an altitude of about 380 kilometers, the Perseid meteors streak below, swept up dust from comet Swift-Tuttle. The vaporizing comet dust grains are traveling at about 60 kilometers per second through the denser atmosphere around 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. In this case, the foreshortened meteor flash is near frame center, below the curving limb of the Earth and a layer of greenish airglow, just below bright star Arcturus. Want to look up at a meteor shower? You're in luck, as the 2024 Perseid meteor shower is active now and predicted to peak near August 12. With interfering bright moonlight absent, this year you'll likely see many Perseid meteors under clear, dark skies after midnight.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap240809.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2024 August 9 A Perseid Below * Image Credit: Ron Garan, ISS Expedition 28 Crew, NASA Explanation: Denizens of planet Earth typically watch meteor showers by looking up. But this remarkable view, captured on August 13, 2011 by astronaut Ron Garan, caught a Perseid meteor by looking down. From Garan's perspective on board the International Space Station orbiting at an altitude of about 380 kilometers, the Perseid meteors streak below, swept up dust from comet Swift-Tuttle. The vaporizing comet dust grains are traveling at about 60 kilometers per second through the denser atmosphere around 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. In this case, the foreshortened meteor flash is near frame center, below the curving limb of the Earth and a layer of greenish airglow, just below bright star Arcturus. Want to look up at a meteor shower? You're in luck, as the 2024 Perseid meteor shower is active now and predicted to peak near August 12. With interfering bright moonlight absent, this year you'll likely see many Perseid meteors under clear, dark skies after midnight. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

"Our pets and farm animals also enjoy the annual variety full of short surprises in the night sky. It will start again soon! Do you already know when and where to look? Look here, there is everything:https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/everything-you-need-to-know-perseid-meteor-shower/"

2019 August 15

The Perseids and the Plough
* Image Credit & Copyright: Jeff Dai (TWAN)
https://twanight.org/profile/jeff-dai/

Explanation:
Despite interfering moonlight, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. This pastoral scene includes local skygazers admiring the shower's brief, heavenly flashes in predawn hours near peak activity on August 13 from Nalati Grassland in Xinjiang, China. A composite, the image registers seven frames taken during a two hour span recording Perseid meteor streaks against a starry sky. Centered along the horizon is the Plough, the north's most famous asterism, though some might see the familiar celestial kitchen utensil known as the Big Dipper. Perhaps the year's most easily enjoyed meteor shower, Perseid meteors are produced as Earth itself sweeps through dust from periodic comet Swift-Tuttle. The dust particles are vaporized at altitudes of 100 kilometers or so as they plow through the atmosphere at 60 kilometers per second.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap190815.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2019 August 15 The Perseids and the Plough * Image Credit & Copyright: Jeff Dai (TWAN) Explanation: Despite interfering moonlight, many denizens of planet Earth were able to watch this year's Perseid meteor shower. This pastoral scene includes local skygazers admiring the shower's brief, heavenly flashes in predawn hours near peak activity on August 13 from Nalati Grassland in Xinjiang, China. A composite, the image registers seven frames taken during a two hour span recording Perseid meteor streaks against a starry sky. Centered along the horizon is the Plough, the north's most famous asterism, though some might see the familiar celestial kitchen utensil known as the Big Dipper. Perhaps the year's most easily enjoyed meteor shower, Perseid meteors are produced as Earth itself sweeps through dust from periodic comet Swift-Tuttle. The dust particles are vaporized at altitudes of 100 kilometers or so as they plow through the atmosphere at 60 kilometers per second. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.

2018 September 8

Real Time Perseid
* Video Credit & Copyright: Till Credner, AlltheSky.com
http://www.allthesky.com/

Explanation:
Bright meteors and dark night skies made this year's Perseid meteor shower a great time for a weekend campout. And while packing away their equipment, skygazers at a campsite in the mountains of southern Germany found at least one more reason to linger under the stars, witnessing this brief but colorful flash with their own eyes. Presented as a 50 frame gif, the two second long video was captured during the morning twilight of August 12. In real time it shows the development of the typical green train of a bright Perseid meteor. A much fainter Perseid is just visible farther to the right. Plowing through Earth's atmosphere at 60 kilometers per second, Perseids are fast enough to excite the characteristic green emission of atomic oxygen at altitudes of 100 kilometers or so.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180908.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

2022 August 16

A Meteor Wind over Tunisia
* Image Credit & Copyright: Makrem Larnaout
https://www.facebook.com/TheRoyalAstronomicalSociety

Explanation:
Does the Earth ever pass through a wind of meteors? Yes, and they are frequently visible as meteor showers. Almost all meteors are sand-sized debris that escaped from a Sun-orbiting comet or asteroid, debris that continues in an elongated orbit around the Sun. Circling the same Sun, our Earth can move through an orbiting debris stream, where it can appear, over time, as a meteor wind. The meteors that light up in Earth's atmosphere, however, are usually destroyed. Their streaks, though, can all be traced back to a single point on the sky called the radiant. The featured image composite was taken over two days in late July near the ancient Berber village Zriba El Alia in Tunisia, during the peak of the Southern Delta Aquariids meteor shower. The radiant is to the right of the image. A few days ago our Earth experienced the peak of a more famous meteor wind -- the Perseids.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220816.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2022 August 16 The featured image shows a composite image capturing many meteor streaks above the ruins of an ancient village. A Meteor Wind over Tunisia * Image Credit & Copyright: Makrem Larnaout Explanation: Does the Earth ever pass through a wind of meteors? Yes, and they are frequently visible as meteor showers. Almost all meteors are sand-sized debris that escaped from a Sun-orbiting comet or asteroid, debris that continues in an elongated orbit around the Sun. Circling the same Sun, our Earth can move through an orbiting debris stream, where it can appear, over time, as a meteor wind. The meteors that light up in Earth's atmosphere, however, are usually destroyed. Their streaks, though, can all be traced back to a single point on the sky called the radiant. The featured image composite was taken over two days in late July near the ancient Berber village Zriba El Alia in Tunisia, during the peak of the Southern Delta Aquariids meteor shower. The radiant is to the right of the image. A few days ago our Earth experienced the peak of a more famous meteor wind -- the Perseids. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

Annotations for previous post.

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

Annotations for previous post. 2022 August 16 The featured image shows a composite image capturing many meteor streaks above the ruins of an ancient village. A Meteor Wind over Tunisia * Image Credit & Copyright: Makrem Larnaout Explanation: Does the Earth ever pass through a wind of meteors? Yes, and they are frequently visible as meteor showers. Almost all meteors are sand-sized debris that escaped from a Sun-orbiting comet or asteroid, debris that continues in an elongated orbit around the Sun. Circling the same Sun, our Earth can move through an orbiting debris stream, where it can appear, over time, as a meteor wind. The meteors that light up in Earth's atmosphere, however, are usually destroyed. Their streaks, though, can all be traced back to a single point on the sky called the radiant. The featured image composite was taken over two days in late July near the ancient Berber village Zriba El Alia in Tunisia, during the peak of the Southern Delta Aquariids meteor shower. The radiant is to the right of the image. A few days ago our Earth experienced the peak of a more famous meteor wind -- the Perseids.

2022 August 11

Perseids and MAGIC
* Image Credit & Copyright: Urs Leutenegger
https://www.instagram.com/urs.leutenegger/?hl=en

Explanation:
On August 11, 2021 a multi-mirror, 17 meter-diameter MAGIC telescope reflected this starry night sky from the Roque de los Muchachos European Northern Observatory on the Canary Island of La Palma. MAGIC stands for Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov. The telescopes can see the brief flashes of optical light produced in particle air showers as high-energy gamma rays impact the Earth's upper atmosphere. To the dark-adapted eye the mirror segments offer a tantalizing reflection of stars and nebulae along the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. But directly behind the segmented mirror telescope, low on the horizon, lies the constellation Perseus. And on that date the dramatic composite nightscape also captured meteors streaming from the radiant of the annual Perseid meteor shower. This year the Perseid shower activity will again peak around August 13 but perseid meteors will have to compete with the bright light of a Full Moon.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220811.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2022 August 11 Perseids and MAGIC * Image Credit & Copyright: Urs Leutenegger Explanation: On August 11, 2021 a multi-mirror, 17 meter-diameter MAGIC telescope reflected this starry night sky from the Roque de los Muchachos European Northern Observatory on the Canary Island of La Palma. MAGIC stands for Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov. The telescopes can see the brief flashes of optical light produced in particle air showers as high-energy gamma rays impact the Earth's upper atmosphere. To the dark-adapted eye the mirror segments offer a tantalizing reflection of stars and nebulae along the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. But directly behind the segmented mirror telescope, low on the horizon, lies the constellation Perseus. And on that date the dramatic composite nightscape also captured meteors streaming from the radiant of the annual Perseid meteor shower. This year the Perseid shower activity will again peak around August 13 but perseid meteors will have to compete with the bright light of a Full Moon. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2016 August 20

Gamma-rays and Comet Dust
* Image Credit & Copyright: Daniel López (El Cielo de Canarias)
https://www.elcielodecanarias.com/

Explanation:
Gamma-rays and dust from periodic Comet Swift-Tuttle plowed through planet Earth's atmosphere on the night of August 11/12. Impacting at about 60 kilometers per second the grains of comet dust produced this year's remarkably active Perseid meteor shower. This composite wide-angle image of aligned shower meteors covers a 4.5 hour period on that Perseid night. In it the flashing meteor streaks can be traced back to the shower's origin on the sky. Alongside the Milky Way in the constellation Perseus, the radiant marks the direction along the perodic comet's orbit. Traveling at the speed of light, cosmic gamma-rays impacting Earth's atmosphere generated showers too, showers of high energy particles. Just as the meteor streaks point back to their origin, the even briefer flashes of light from the particles can be used to reconstruct the direction of the particle shower, to point back to the origin on the sky of the incoming gamma-ray. Unlike the meteors, the incredibly fast particle shower flashes can't be followed by eye. But both can be followed by the high speed cameras on the multi-mirrored dishes in the foreground. Of course, the dishes are MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, an Earth-based gamma-ray observatory on the Canary Island of La Palma.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160820.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2016 August 20 Gamma-rays and Comet Dust * Image Credit & Copyright: Daniel López (El Cielo de Canarias) Explanation: Gamma-rays and dust from periodic Comet Swift-Tuttle plowed through planet Earth's atmosphere on the night of August 11/12. Impacting at about 60 kilometers per second the grains of comet dust produced this year's remarkably active Perseid meteor shower. This composite wide-angle image of aligned shower meteors covers a 4.5 hour period on that Perseid night. In it the flashing meteor streaks can be traced back to the shower's origin on the sky. Alongside the Milky Way in the constellation Perseus, the radiant marks the direction along the perodic comet's orbit. Traveling at the speed of light, cosmic gamma-rays impacting Earth's atmosphere generated showers too, showers of high energy particles. Just as the meteor streaks point back to their origin, the even briefer flashes of light from the particles can be used to reconstruct the direction of the particle shower, to point back to the origin on the sky of the incoming gamma-ray. Unlike the meteors, the incredibly fast particle shower flashes can't be followed by eye. But both can be followed by the high speed cameras on the multi-mirrored dishes in the foreground. Of course, the dishes are MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes, an Earth-based gamma-ray observatory on the Canary Island of La Palma. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)

"To upload this video, I converted it and compressed it to a smaller file-size under #linux with the free software ffmpeg and the corresponding command:

'ffmpeg -i video_in.mkv -vcodec libx265 -crf 30 video_out.mp4'

Maybe you would like to post a corresponding video on a scientifically related topic, but it is perhaps too big? Then try ffmpeg.

Just for now let's enjoy this Perseids Night Timelaps together"

2021 September 28

Night of the Perseids
* Video Credit & Copyright: Vikas Chander & Dorje Angchuk
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa_53XIkP1fYEbHCWoMgIrg
* Music: Tea Time via PremiumBeat
https://www.premiumbeat.com/artist/yellow-tea

Explanation:
Have you ever experienced a meteor shower? To help capture the wonder, a video was taken during the peak of the recent Perseid meteor shower above the Indian Astronomical Observatory in Hanle, India, high up in the Himalayan mountains. Night descends as the video begins, with the central plane of our Milky Way Galaxy approaching from the left and Earth-orbiting satellites zipping by overhead. During the night, the flash of meteors that usually takes less than a second is artificially extended. The green glow of most meteors is typically caused by vaporizing nickel. As the video continues, Orion rises and meteors flare above the 2-meter Himalayan Chandra Telescope and the seven barrels of the High Energy Gamma Ray Telescope (Hagar). The 2 minute 30 second movie ends with the Sun rising, preceded by a false dawn of zodiacal light.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210928.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2021 September 28 Night of the Perseids * Video Credit & Copyright: Vikas Chander & Dorje Angchuk * Music: Tea Time via PremiumBeat Explanation: Have you ever experienced a meteor shower? To help capture the wonder, a video was taken during the peak of the recent Perseid meteor shower above the Indian Astronomical Observatory in Hanle, India, high up in the Himalayan mountains. Night descends as the video begins, with the central plane of our Milky Way Galaxy approaching from the left and Earth-orbiting satellites zipping by overhead. During the night, the flash of meteors that usually takes less than a second is artificially extended. The green glow of most meteors is typically caused by vaporizing nickel. As the video continues, Orion rises and meteors flare above the 2-meter Himalayan Chandra Telescope and the seven barrels of the High Energy Gamma Ray Telescope (Hagar). The 2 minute 30 second movie ends with the Sun rising, preceded by a false dawn of zodiacal light. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.

2023 August 23 (*)

The Meteor and the Galaxy
* Credit & Copyright: Jose Pedrero
https://www.instagram.com/josepedrero.jpart/

Explanation:
It came from outer space. It -- in this case a sand-sized bit of a comet nucleus -- was likely ejected many years ago from Sun-orbiting Comet Swift-Tuttle, but then continued to orbit the Sun alone. When the Earth crossed through this orbit, the piece of comet debris impacted the atmosphere of our fair planet and was seen as a meteor. This meteor deteriorated, causing gases to be emitted that glowed in colors emitted by its component elements. The featured image was taken last week(*) from Castilla La Mancha, Spain, during the peak night of the Perseids meteor shower. The picturesque meteor streak happened to appear in the only one of 50 frames that also included the Andromeda galaxy. Stars dot the frame, each much further away than the meteor. Compared to the stars, the Andromeda galaxy (M31) is, again, much further away.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230823.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #astroart #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2023 August 23 A color meteor streak is seen above the Andromeda spiral galaxy. Please see the explanation for more detailed information. The Meteor and the Galaxy * Credit & Copyright: Jose Pedrero Explanation: It came from outer space. It -- in this case a sand-sized bit of a comet nucleus -- was likely ejected many years ago from Sun-orbiting Comet Swift-Tuttle, but then continued to orbit the Sun alone. When the Earth crossed through this orbit, the piece of comet debris impacted the atmosphere of our fair planet and was seen as a meteor. This meteor deteriorated, causing gases to be emitted that glowed in colors emitted by its component elements. The featured image was taken last week from Castilla La Mancha, Spain, during the peak night of the Perseids meteor shower. The picturesque meteor streak happened to appear in the only one of 50 frames that also included the Andromeda galaxy. Stars dot the frame, each much further away than the meteor. Compared to the stars, the Andromeda galaxy (M31) is, again, much further away. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2018 August 17

Perseid Fireball and Persistent Train
* Image Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek
http://www.astronom.cz/horalek/?page_id=20

Explanation:
Before local midnight on August 12, this brilliant Perseid meteor flashed above the Poloniny Dark Sky Park, Slovakia, planet Earth. Streaking beside the summer Milky Way, its initial color is likely due to the shower meteor's characteristically high speed. Moving at about 60 kilometers per second, Perseid meteors can excite green emission from oxygen atoms while passing through the thin atmosphere at high altitudes. Also characteristic of bright meteors, this Perseid left a lingering visible trail known as a persistent train, wafting in the upper atmosphere. Its development is followed in the inset frames, exposures separated by one minute and shown at the scale of the original image. Compared to the brief flash of the meteor, the wraith-like trail really is persistent. After an hour faint remnants of this one could still be traced, expanding to over 80 degrees on the sky.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180817.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2018 August 17 Perseid Fireball and Persistent Train * Image Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek Explanation: Before local midnight on August 12, this brilliant Perseid meteor flashed above the Poloniny Dark Sky Park, Slovakia, planet Earth. Streaking beside the summer Milky Way, its initial color is likely due to the shower meteor's characteristically high speed. Moving at about 60 kilometers per second, Perseid meteors can excite green emission from oxygen atoms while passing through the thin atmosphere at high altitudes. Also characteristic of bright meteors, this Perseid left a lingering visible trail known as a persistent train, wafting in the upper atmosphere. Its development is followed in the inset frames, exposures separated by one minute and shown at the scale of the original image. Compared to the brief flash of the meteor, the wraith-like trail really is persistent. After an hour faint remnants of this one could still be traced, expanding to over 80 degrees on the sky. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U.

Radiant (meteor shower)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The radiant or apparent radiant of a meteor shower is the celestial point in the sky from which (from the point of view of a terrestrial observer) the paths of meteors appear to originate. The Perseids, for example, are meteors which appear to come from a point within the constellation of Perseus.

Meteor paths appear at random locations in the sky, but the apparent paths of two or more meteors from the same shower will diverge from the radiant. The radiant is the vanishing point of the meteor paths, which are parallel lines in three-dimensional space, as seen from the perspective of the observer, who views a two-dimensional projection against the sky. The geometric effect is identical to crepuscular rays, where parallel sunbeams appear to diverge.

A meteor that does not point back to the known radiant for a given shower is known as a sporadic and is not considered part of that shower.

Shower meteors may appear a short time before the radiant has risen in the observer's eastern sky. The radiant in such cases is above the horizon at the meteor's altitude.

During the active period of most showers, the radiant moves nearly one degree eastwards, parallel to the ecliptic, against the stellar background each day. This is called the radiant's diurnal drift, and is to a large degree due to the Earth's own orbital motion around the Sun, which also proceeds at nearly one degree a day. As the radiant is determined by the superposition of the motions of Earth and meteoroid, the changing orbital direction of the Earth towards the east causes the radiant to move to the east as well.
[...]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_(meteor_shower)

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

Image of a meteor shower, with the radiant marked by 'ᴏ' CREDIT Contributors of Wikimedia

Alt...

Eta Aquarid meteor shower reaches peak 5 May 2020 Mark Armstrong Although the short-period comet 1P/Halley, the most famous comet of all, will not return to the inner Solar System until 2061, if you look out for some shooting stars in the pre-dawn sky courtesy of the Eta Aquarid meteor shower, you might see some of the debris Halley has left behind over the eons it has orbited the Sun. The radiant of the Eta Aquarid meteor shower. Graphic by Greg Smye-Rumsby.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Radiant (meteor shower)

[...]
Meteor showers are mostly caused by the trails of dust and debris left in the wake of a comet. This dust continues to move along the comet's wake, and when the Earth moves through such debris, a meteor shower results. Because all of the debris is moving in roughly the same direction, the meteors which strike the atmosphere all "point" back to the direction of the comet's path.

As an exception, the Geminids are a shower caused by the object 3200 Phaethon, which is thought to be a Palladian asteroid.

The radiant is an important factor in observation. If the radiant point is at or below the horizon, then few if any meteors will be observed. This is because the atmosphere shields the Earth from most of the debris, and only those meteors which happen to be travelling exactly (or very near) tangential to the Earth's surface will be viewable.

Here are the radiant points of some major meteor showers of the year.

CREDIT
Contributors to Wikimedia projects

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_(meteor_shower)

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

Here are the radiant points of some major meteor showers of the year.

Alt...

Geminid meteors, clearly showing the position of the radiant CREDIT Berkó Ernő

2023 August 9

Meteor Shower: Perseids from Perseus
* Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek / Institute of Physics in Opava
https://www.petrhoralek.com/#about-1
https://www.slu.cz/phys/en/

Explanation:
This is a good week to see meteors. Comet dust will rain down on planet Earth, streaking through dark skies during peak nights of the annual Perseid Meteor Shower. The featured composite image was taken during the 2018 Perseids from the Poloniny Dark Sky Park in Slovakia. The dome of the observatory in the foreground is on the grounds of Kolonica Observatory. Although the comet dust particles travel parallel to each other, the resulting shower meteors clearly seem to radiate from a single point on the sky in the eponymous constellation Perseus. The radiant effect is due to perspective, as the parallel tracks appear to converge at a distance, like train tracks. The Perseid Meteor Shower is expected to reach its highest peak on Saturday after midnight. Since a crescent Moon will rise only very late that night, cloudless skies will be darker than usual, making a high number of faint meteors potentially visible this year.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230809.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2023 August 9 Mulitple streaks cover a night sky filled with stars. An observtory dome is visible in the foreground. Meteor Shower: Perseids from Perseus * Credit & Copyright: Petr Horálek / Institute of Physics in Opava Explanation: This is a good week to see meteors. Comet dust will rain down on planet Earth, streaking through dark skies during peak nights of the annual Perseid Meteor Shower. The featured composite image was taken during the 2018 Perseids from the Poloniny Dark Sky Park in Slovakia. The dome of the observatory in the foreground is on the grounds of Kolonica Observatory. Although the comet dust particles travel parallel to each other, the resulting shower meteors clearly seem to radiate from a single point on the sky in the eponymous constellation Perseus. The radiant effect is due to perspective, as the parallel tracks appear to converge at a distance, like train tracks. The Perseid Meteor Shower is expected to reach its highest peak on Saturday after midnight. Since a crescent Moon will rise only very late that night, cloudless skies will be darker than usual, making a high number of faint meteors potentially visible this year. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 August 2

Fireflies, Meteors, and Milky Way
* Image Credit & Copyright: Daniel Korona

Explanation:
Taken on July 29 and July 30, a registered and stacked series of exposures creates this dreamlike view of a northern summer night. Multiple firefly flashes streak across the foreground as the luminous Milky Way arcs above the horizon in the Sierra de Órganos national park of central Mexico, The collection of bright streaks aligned across the sky toward the upper left in the timelapse image are Delta Aquariid meteors. Currently active, the annual Delta Aquarid meteor shower shares August nights though, overlapping with the better-known Perseid meteor shower. This year that makes post-midnight, mostly moonless skies in early August very popular with late night skygazers. How can you tell a Delta Aquariid from a Perseid meteor? The streaks of Perseid meteors can be traced back to an apparent radiant in the constellation Perseus. Delta Aquariids appear to emerge from the more southerly constellation Aquarius, beyond the top left of this frame. Of course, the bioluminescent flashes of fireflies are common too on these northern summer nights. But how can you tell a firefly from a meteor? Just try to catch one.

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250802.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 August 2 Fireflies, Meteors, and Milky Way * Image Credit & Copyright: Daniel Korona Explanation: Taken on July 29 and July 30, a registered and stacked series of exposures creates this dreamlike view of a northern summer night. Multiple firefly flashes streak across the foreground as the luminous Milky Way arcs above the horizon in the Sierra de Órganos national park of central Mexico, The collection of bright streaks aligned across the sky toward the upper left in the timelapse image are Delta Aquariid meteors. Currently active, the annual Delta Aquarid meteor shower shares August nights though, overlapping with the better-known Perseid meteor shower. This year that makes post-midnight, mostly moonless skies in early August very popular with late night skygazers. How can you tell a Delta Aquariid from a Perseid meteor? The streaks of Perseid meteors can be traced back to an apparent radiant in the constellation Perseus. Delta Aquariids appear to emerge from the more southerly constellation Aquarius, beyond the top left of this frame. Of course, the bioluminescent flashes of fireflies are common too on these northern summer nights. But how can you tell a firefly from a meteor? Just try to catch one. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply. NASA Web Privacy, Accessibility, Notices; A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC, NASA Science Activation & Michigan Tech. U.

2025 August 3

Milky Way and Exploding Meteor
* Image Credit & Copyright: Andre van der Hoeven
https://www.flickr.com/photos/avdhoeven/

Explanation:
In about a week the Perseid Meteor Shower will reach its maximum. Grains of icy rock will streak across the sky as they evaporate during entry into Earth's atmosphere. These grains were shed from Comet Swift-Tuttle. The Perseids result from the annual crossing of the Earth through Comet Swift-Tuttle's orbit, and are typically the most active meteor shower of the year. Although it is hard to predict the level of activity in any meteor shower, in a clear dark sky an observer might see a meteor a minute. This year's Perseids peak just a few days after full moon, and so some faint meteors will be lost to the lunar skyglow. Meteor showers in general are best seen from a relaxing position, away from lights. Featured here is a meteor caught exploding during the 2015 Perseids above Austria next to the central band of our Milky Way Galaxy.
https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/meteors-meteorites/perseids/
https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/meteor-shower-calendar/
https://www.nasa.gov/general/what-is-earths-atmosphere/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960219.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteors
https://www.space.com/32868-perseid-meteor-shower-guide.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250803.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

2025 August 12

Perseids from Perseus
* Image Credit & Copyright: Marcin Rosadziński
https://astrodream.pl/o-mnie/

Explanation:
Where are all of these meteors coming from? In terms of direction on the sky, the pointed answer is the constellation of Perseus. That is why the meteor shower that peaks tonight is known as the Perseids -- the meteors all appear to come from a radiant toward Perseus. In terms of parent body, though, the sand-sized debris that makes up the Perseids meteors come from Comet Swift-Tuttle. The comet follows a well-defined orbit around our Sun, and the part of the orbit that approaches Earth is superposed in front of Perseus. Therefore, when Earth crosses this orbit, the radiant point of falling debris appears in Perseus. Featured here, a composite image taken over six nights and containing over 100 meteors from 2024 August Perseids meteor shower shows many bright meteors that streaked over the Bieszczady Mountains in Poland. This year's Perseids, usually one of the best meteor showers of the year, will compete with a bright moon that will rise, for many locations, soon after sunset.
https://astrodream.pl/galeria/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwrvN0Q9_Sg
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960219.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseids
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_(meteor_shower)
https://www.timeanddate.com/news/astronomy/perseid-meteor-shower-2025
https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/2020-meteor-shower-list/
https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180808.html

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250812.html

#space #galaxy #perseids #astrophotography #photography #science #astronomy #nature #NASA

Alt...

2025 August 12 A starfield is shown above a grassy field with hills on the horizon. The band of our Milky Way Galaxy arches across toward the right. Many streaks appear emanating out from a place on the Milky Way just above the horizon. Perseids from Perseus * Image Credit & Copyright: Marcin Rosadziński Explanation: Where are all of these meteors coming from? In terms of direction on the sky, the pointed answer is the constellation of Perseus. That is why the meteor shower that peaks tonight is known as the Perseids -- the meteors all appear to come from a radiant toward Perseus. In terms of parent body, though, the sand-sized debris that makes up the Perseids meteors come from Comet Swift-Tuttle. The comet follows a well-defined orbit around our Sun, and the part of the orbit that approaches Earth is superposed in front of Perseus. Therefore, when Earth crosses this orbit, the radiant point of falling debris appears in Perseus. Featured here, a composite image taken over six nights and containing over 100 meteors from 2024 August Perseids meteor shower shows many bright meteors that streaked over the Bieszczady Mountains in Poland. This year's Perseids, usually one of the best meteor showers of the year, will compete with a bright moon that will rise, for many locations, soon after sunset. Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.