soc.octade.net is a Fediverse instance that uses the ActivityPub protocol. In other words, users at this host can communicate with people that use software like Mastodon, Pleroma, Friendica, etc. all around the world.
This server runs the snac software and there is no automatic sign-up process.
Tiny fossils solve a 113-million-year-old ocean mystery.
Around 113 million years ago, most of the tiny, shelled plankton near the ocean surface died out.
Their shells became smaller and thinner before many species disappeared from the fossil record.
https://www.earth.com/news/ocean-acidification-caused-plankton-to-stop-building-shells-113-million-years-ago/ #globalmuseum #fossils #oceans #history
TO HUFF. To reprove, or scold at any one; also to bluster, bounce, ding, or swagger. A captain huff; a noted bully. To stand the huff; to be answerable for the reckoning in a public house.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
How Five Points Became The Most Infamous Slum In The History Of New York City
By Ella Spitz
Located in Lower Manhattan, Five Points was a poor, overcrowded neighborhood where disease spread rapidly, rival gangs battled for control, and violent riots frequently broke out in the streets.
This limited series was pretty good. Finished it last night after Havdalah. More cute than hilarious.
"#LarryDavid is back with a new #show that commemorates 250 years of #American independence. “Life, Larry, and the Pursuit of Unhappiness” reimagines important #historical moments, like Alexander Graham Bell’s first telephone call, Rosa Parks’ refusal to move to the back of a bus and the Boston Tea Party… all with Larry David dropped into the mix.
Leaning heavily on the Larry David persona he developed in “Curb Your Enthusiasm,” #David plays characters who kvetch their ways through #history, constantly putting a damper on our country’s biggest milestones.
One of the show’s greatest pleasures is its parade of guest stars."
https://www.kveller.com/the-5-best-jewish-moments-on-life-larry-and-the-pursuit-of-unhappiness/
Science, religion, and political omens: the meaning of eclipses in ancient Rome
by Javier Andreu Pintado
Romans could predict eclipses, but still interpreted them as signs from the gods.
Books about eclipses (next eclipse will take place on August 12) at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/subjects/search/?query=eclipses
MAGGOTTY. Whimsical, capricious.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 9th of August from Wikipedia:
• 378: Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths. Valens is killed along with over half of his army. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_War_(376%E2%80%93382)
• Birth (1976) of Audrey Tautou, French model and actress https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Tautou
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
HORN COLIC. A temporary priapism.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
VALENTINE. The first woman seen by a man, or man seen by a woman, on St. Valentine's day, the 14th of February, when it is said every bird chuses his mate for the ensuing year.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 8th of August from Wikipedia:
• 1969: At a zebra crossing in London, photographer Iain Macmillan takes the iconic photo that becomes the cover image of the Beatles' album Abbey Road. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_crossing
• Birth (1976) of JC Chasez, American singer and dancer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Chasez
• Death (2013) of Igor Kurnosov, Russian chess player (b. 1985) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Kurnosov
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
CURE ARSE. A dyachilon plaister, applied to the parts galled by riding.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
BLIND HARPERS. Beggars counterfeiting blindness, playing on fiddles, &c.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 7th of August from Wikipedia:
• 2020: Air India Express Flight 1344 overshoots the runway at Calicut International Airport in the Malappuram district of Kerala, India, and crashes, killing 21 of the 190 people on board. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Express_Flight_1344
• Birth (1947) of Sofia Rotaru, Ukrainian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Rotaru
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
DUMMEE. A pocket book. A dummee hunter. A pick-pocket, who lurks about to steal pocket books out of gentlemen's pockets. Frisk the dummee of the screens; take all the bank notes out of the pocket book.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
POT-WABBLERS. Persons entitled to vote for members of parliament in certain boroughs, from having boiled their pots therein. These boroughs are called pot-wabbling boroughs.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Hi!, I'm a bot posting selections from Francis Grose’s 1785 “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue”, a compilation of slang terms, the coded language of the underclass and the demi-monde.
[18th-century-content warning: possible racism, animal cruelty, homophobia, sexism, slut-shaming. Let me know of any problems.]
#FollowFriday #books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #crime #language #slang #18thCentury
Events for the 6th of August from Wikipedia:
• 1915: World War I: Battle of Sari Bair: The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sari_Bair
• Birth (1933) of A. G. Kripal Singh, Indian cricketer (d. 1987) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._G._Kripal_Singh
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
Hi! I'm a bot posting events which happened on today's date, at random from Wikipedia’s lists. Historic events, births, deaths and holidays/religious days if there’s room.
Not affiliated with Wikipedia.
MUMMER. The mouth.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
"The man ground the glands of 10 cane toads into a paste, added lime water and ash, then boiled the mixture overnight."
The fascinating and mostly wrong history of the psychedelic toad: https://longreads.com/2026/08/04/psychedelic-toads-ego-trip-kimon-de-greef/?utm_source=mastodon&utm_medium=social
GOLD DROPPERS. Who drop a piece of gold, which they pick up in the presence of some unexperienced person, this they pretend to have found, and they invite him to a public house to partake of it: when there, comrades drop in, and propose cards, or some other game.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 5th of August from Wikipedia:
• 1965: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the Line of Control dressed as locals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965
• Birth (1985) of Gil Vermouth, Israeli footballer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Vermouth
• Death (1415) of Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (b. 1370) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Scrope,_3rd_Baron_Scrope_of_Masham
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
SNOOZING KEN. A brothel. The swell was spiced in a snoozing ken of his screens; the gentleman was robbed of his bank notes in a brothel.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
RING. A circle formed for boxers, wrestlers, and cudgel-players, by a man styled Vinegar; who goes round the circle, striking at random with his whip to prevent the populace from crowding in.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 4th of August from Wikipedia:
• 1791: The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Sistova
• Birth (1859) of Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1952) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Hamsun
• Death (1932) of Alfred Henry Maurer, American painter (b. 1868) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Henry_Maurer
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
We run several CompuServe 32 bit and 36 bit machines which you can connect to remotely. #internet #history #retrocomputing #vintagecomputing
CRANK. Gin and water; also, brisk, pert.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera’s Blue House in Coyoacán Was a Refuge for Leon Trotsky... Until It Wasn‘t
H. Keith Melton and Nigel West on Trotsky and Kahlo‘s Simmering Affair Amidst Political Turmoil
BEVER. An afternoon's luncheon; also a fine hat; beaver's fur making the best hats.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
US presidents have made their public speeches about Iran for many years.
President #Obama, just like #Trump, focused on Iran's nuclear program, as if it was a valid reason to give or withhold peace from them, depending on Iran's choice.
The United States has nuclear weapons and has used them. Which nations can be trusted to possess these devastating weapons?
(I would say none.)
Events for the 3rd of August from Wikipedia:
• 1946: Santa Claus Land, the world's first themed amusement park, opens in Santa Claus, Indiana, United States. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_World_%26_Splashin%27_Safari
• Birth (1986) of Darya Domracheva, Belarusian biathlete https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya_Domracheva
• Holiday: August 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_3_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
Trump was not the first president to wage war without approval from Congress.
Barack Obama broke this rule before him, in his 2011war against Libya.
Trump ordered the attacks that killed the leaders of Iran.
Obama ordered the attacks that resulted in the death of the leader of Libya.
The war machine has been going on and on for generations. Why? Because the love of man has grown cold. He kills and justifies himself for doing it.
@auschwitzmuseum
May Ludwik receive strength from God to ascend in the beyond.
Most of these photos show very lean physical bodies, which makes me wonder if food was already scarce before these people were first checked in. Question: Did some of these prisoners willingly come to the camps because of food shortages, hoping the government would feed them?
And what does the symbol on his shirt mean: P in a triangle?
BEGGAR MAKER. A publican, or ale-house keeper.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
If, like me, you love 1990s Web sites, back when the internet wasn't enshittified by Big Tech yet, have a look at Wiby, a Web 1.0 search engine.
Click on "Surprise me…" for random discoveries, often personal Web pages about obscure niche subjects, but sometimes you find a hidden gem…
#web #internet #online #RetroComputing #RetroTech #VintageComputing #retro #history #computing #IT #1990s #tech #technology #vintage #nostalgia #digital
CHIMNEY CHOPS. An abusive appellation for a negro.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 2nd of August from Wikipedia:
• 1918: The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_strike
• Birth (1948) of Snoo Wilson, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2013) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoo_Wilson
• Death (1986) of Roy Cohn, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
GRINAGOG, THE CAT'S UNCLE. A foolish grinning fellow, one who grins without reason.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
GO, THE. The dash. The mode. He is quite the go, he is quite varment, he is prime, he is bang up, are synonimous expressions.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
📜 TIL the Korean alphabet Hangul is the only major writing system invented from scratch for its own language, and its letters are drawings of your mouth.
King Sejong the Great finished it in 1443 so common people could read and write. The consonants literally trace the speech organs: ㄱ is the tongue root blocking the throat, ㅁ is lips pressed together, ㅅ is the teeth.
The vowels encode sky, earth, and human: a dot, a horizontal line, and a vertical stroke.
The scholar class hated it. For 400 years it was treated as a script for women, monks, and commoners, until it went mainstream in the late 1800s. Hangul Day is now a national holiday in South Korea.
Events for the 1st of August from Wikipedia:
• 1961: U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation's first centralized military espionage organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara
• Birth (1893) of Alexander of Greece (d. 1920) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_of_Greece
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
Twenty-five years ago it was cryptography, today it's model weights
https://weeraman.com/because-we-can/
Comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49083599
#HackerNews #cryptography #modelweights #technology #history #innovation
🎼 A touch of musical history to start the day.
This is a lirone and here's what it sounds like.
Emilia Benjamin introduces this rare instrument, also known as Heaven’s Hoover.
#Music #musicalinstruments #musichistory #history #globalmuseum
FINGER IN EYE. To put finger in eye; to weep: commonly applied to women. The more you cry the less you'll p-ss; a consolatory speech used by sailors to their doxies. It is as great a pity to see a woman cry, as to see a goose walk barefoot; another of the same kind.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
DNA and Archeological Research Reveal the Overlooked History of Japan’s Women Warriors
By Sage Helene
Books about Japanese fiction at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/subject/36794
BULLY. A cowardly fellow, who gives himself airs of great bravery. A bully huff cap; a hector. See HECTOR.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 31st of July from Wikipedia:
• 1999: Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Program
• Birth (1902) of Gubby Allen, Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubby_Allen
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
I've long been fascinated with the notions of LOGIC and REASON, especially where they fall woefully short. I realise that not everyone is a philosopher or a trained critical thinker.
https://brywillis634737.substack.com/p/reasoning-with-fossils?utm_source=masto&utm_medium=social
#philosophy #language #reason #logic #argument #debate #video #podcast #blog #history #enlightenment #foundations #fossils
179 pre-Hispanic objects discovered in remote Zoque cave in Chiapas.
Archaeologists from Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) have documented 179 pre-Hispanic objects inside a difficult-to-reach cave in the La Venta River canyon, in what the institute describes as one of the most significant archaeological discoveries made in the region in recent decades.
https://artdaily.cc/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=198616 #globalmuseum #Archaeology #Anthropology #history #Mexico
A brief history of Luddism
https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2026/07/23/a-brief-history-of-luddism
"“Luddite” has become a slur for technophobic stick-in-the-muds, the whingers who stand in the way of progress and want the clock to be turned back to a better time. [...] Economists and historians are kinder to the Luddites. The weavers were selective in their smashing, breaking only those machines that made what they perceived to be lower-quality goods. They were not ignorant about the potential benefits of automation. Nor were they the broad-based movement of the destitute that later lefty historians claimed; they were a small bunch of relatively well-off workers, often keen to preserve the demand for skills gained through a long apprenticeship. And it is not clear whether they were right or wrong about the immediate effects of automation. "
CUR. A cut or curtailed dog. According to the forest laws, a man who had no right to the privilege of the chase, was obliged to cut or law his dog: among other modes of disabling him, one was by depriving him of his tail: a dog so cut was called a cut or curtailed dog.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Bending Toward Justice
Rejecting the “race riot” myth means facing the ugly truth
Seven Brilliant Black Inventors You Never Learned About In History Class
By Natasha Ishak
From George Washington Carver to Madam C.J. Walker to Lonnie Johnson, meet some of the most iconic African American inventors who shaped history.

One of the most thought-provoking questions in modern democracy is: Why is it difficult for a poor person with a good reputation to become president of a given country? Across the world, many ordinary citizens admire individuals of honesty, humility, wisdom, and proven service to their communities. Yet, when presidential elections are held, these respected individuals rarely emerge as viable candidates. Instead, political contests are often dominated by the wealthy, influential, or those backed by powerful political parties and financial interests.
This reality raises important questions about fairness, democracy, leadership, and the values that shape a nation. Should leadership be determined by the size of one’s bank account, or by one’s character, competence, and commitment to serving the people? A truly democratic society should strive to ensure that every qualified citizen has a fair opportunity to lead, regardless of economic status.
African Proverb: “A good name is better than riches that fade.”
The True Meaning of Leadership
Leadership is not merely about occupying the highest office in a country; it is about serving people with integrity, wisdom, justice, and compassion. A president is entrusted with protecting the constitution, promoting national unity, strengthening the economy, defending the vulnerable, and ensuring equal opportunities for all citizens.
Unfortunately, modern politics often places greater emphasis on financial strength than on moral character. Campaigns require substantial resources, and this creates barriers that many honest but poor citizens cannot overcome.
As Proverbs 22:1 reminds us:
“A good name is more desirable than great riches; to be esteemed is better than silver or gold.”
This verse teaches that reputation and integrity have greater lasting value than wealth. Yet, in many political systems, wealth often receives more attention than character.
Why Poverty Can Be a Barrier to Political Leadership
1. The High Cost of Election Campaigns
Running for the presidency is expensive. Candidates often need significant financial resources for transportation, campaign offices, staff, advertising, media appearances, rallies, security, and voter outreach. Even the most respected individual may struggle to compete without adequate funding.
This financial reality discourages many capable people from even attempting to contest elections.
Proverb: “A closed wallet often closes doors that an open character deserves to enter.”
2. Political Parties Often Favour Wealth
Many political parties prefer candidates who can finance their own campaigns or attract wealthy donors. While fundraising is a legitimate part of democratic politics, excessive dependence on money can unintentionally exclude talented individuals who have spent their lives serving their communities rather than accumulating wealth.
Leadership potential should never be measured solely by financial capacity.
3. Influence and Powerful Networks
Successful presidential campaigns usually require strong political networks, influential supporters, experienced advisers, and organisational structures. Individuals from poor backgrounds often lack access to these resources, making it more difficult to build nationwide support despite having excellent reputations.
4. Public Perceptions About Wealth
In some societies, wealth is mistakenly associated with intelligence, competence, or success. As a result, voters may assume that a wealthy candidate is automatically more capable of managing a nation’s economy. However, wealth alone does not guarantee wisdom, honesty, or effective leadership.
History has repeatedly shown that both wealthy and poor leaders can succeed—or fail—depending on their values, competence, and decisions.
Biblical Examples of Humble Leaders
The Bible consistently demonstrates that God values the heart above material possessions.
When God chose Israel’s future king, He rejected outward appearances and focused on character.
1 Samuel 16:7 declares:
“People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.”
David was a young shepherd rather than a wealthy prince, yet God chose him because of his faithfulness and courage.
Similarly, Moses spent years tending sheep before leading the Israelites out of Egypt. The disciples of Jesus were fishermen, tax collectors, and ordinary workers, yet they transformed the world through faith, humility, and service.
Jesus Himself was born into a modest family. His life demonstrated that greatness is measured not by possessions but by sacrificial love.
As Mark 10:45 teaches:
“For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve.”
These biblical examples remind us that true leadership begins with character rather than material wealth.
Philosophical Reflections on Leadership
Throughout history, philosophers have argued that moral excellence is the foundation of good government.
Socrates believed that virtue should guide leadership.
Aristotle taught that good leaders cultivate wisdom, justice, courage, and self-discipline.
Confucius emphasised that leaders should govern through moral example rather than fear or personal gain.
These timeless ideas remind us that effective leadership is rooted in ethical conduct rather than financial prosperity.
Practical Life Experience
In many communities, the individuals most trusted by the people are not the wealthiest. They are teachers who dedicate themselves to educating children, nurses who care for the sick with compassion, farmers who feed the nation, religious leaders who comfort the grieving, entrepreneurs who create jobs, and volunteers who quietly serve those in need.
Their daily actions earn them respect because they demonstrate integrity, responsibility, and compassion. These qualities are also essential for national leadership.
However, respect alone does not always translate into political opportunity when financial barriers become overwhelming.
The Danger of Allowing Money to Dominate Politics
When wealth becomes the primary gateway to political office, democracy risks losing some of its finest potential leaders. Honest citizens may feel excluded, public trust may decline, and corruption may become more likely if candidates seek to recover excessive campaign expenses after taking office.
A healthy democracy should encourage leaders who enter politics to serve, not merely to secure power or personal advantage.
Building a More Inclusive Democracy
To ensure that capable citizens from all backgrounds can compete fairly for leadership, nations can consider several practical reforms:
These reforms can help ensure that leadership remains open to all qualified citizens.
Proverbs for Reflection
“A crown rests more securely on a head guided by wisdom than on one supported by wealth.”
“Money may buy a campaign, but only character earns lasting respect.”
“The richest leader is not the one with the largest fortune, but the one who serves the people faithfully.”
“Integrity builds a nation; greed weakens it.”
“A nation prospers when it values character above possessions.”
A Message to Future Leaders
If you come from a humble background, do not allow poverty to define your ambitions. Invest in education, develop your leadership skills, serve your community faithfully, and maintain your integrity. While financial obstacles are real, history has shown that determination, wisdom, and consistent service can inspire trust and open unexpected opportunities.
Likewise, citizens should evaluate leaders by their vision, competence, honesty, and commitment to the common good rather than by their personal wealth.
Conclusion
It is difficult for a poor person with a good reputation to become president in many countries because of financial barriers, political structures, public perceptions, and unequal access to resources. However, these challenges should not be accepted as permanent or inevitable. Democracies are strongest when they provide equal opportunities for capable leaders, regardless of their economic background.
The Bible reminds us that God values the heart above outward appearance, while philosophy teaches that virtue is the foundation of good leadership. Practical experience confirms that some of the most respected individuals in society are those who serve others with humility rather than those who possess great wealth.
As Proverbs 29:2 declares:
“When the righteous thrive, the people rejoice; when the wicked rule, the people groan.”
May every nation strive to build political systems where integrity, competence, justice, and service matter more than wealth, so that every qualified citizen has the opportunity to lead and every generation can hope for governments that truly serve the people.
Bro. Christopher Akong
FAM LAY. Going into a goldsmith's shop, under pretence of buying a wedding ring, and palming one or two, by daubing the hand with some viscous matter.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Hi!, I'm a bot posting selections from Francis Grose’s 1785 “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue”, a compilation of slang terms, the coded language of the underclass and the demi-monde.
[18th-century-content warning: possible racism, animal cruelty, homophobia, sexism, slut-shaming. Let me know of any problems.]
#FollowFriday #books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #crime #language #slang #18thCentury
Events for the 30th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1971: Apollo program: On Apollo 15, David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program
• Birth (1947) of Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of California https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
Hi! I'm a bot posting events which happened on today's date, at random from Wikipedia’s lists. Historic events, births, deaths and holidays/religious days if there’s room.
Not affiliated with Wikipedia.
RE: https://kolektiva.social/@MikeDunnAuthor/116709859573444490
On June 7, 1971, the United States was actively involved in the Vietnam War.
Things are not getting worse; things have always been this bad. Nothing is more consoling than the long perspective of history. It will perk you up no end to go back and read the works of progressives past. You will learn therein that things back then were also terrible, and what’s more, they were always getting worse. This is most inspiriting.
Molly Ivins (1944-2007) American writer, political columnist [Mary Tyler Ivins]
Essay (1986-03), “How to Survive Reagan,” The Progressive, Vol. 50, No. 3
More about this quote: wist.info/ivins-molly/31928/
#quote #quotes #quotation #qotd #mollyivins #badtimes #decline #downwardspiral #encouragement #history #lookingback #nadir #nostalgia #perspective #progressive #regress #worsening
A vertical photo showing the scale model of the sculptures vision of the Crazy Horse Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In the background you can see the current progress of the massive mountain carving in Thunderhead Mountain.
https://5-jennifer-white.pixels.com/featured/crazy-horse-vision-and-reality-vertical-jennifer-white.html
@fineartamerica
#buyintoart #photography #travel #history
TO LEAK. To make water.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
7 People Who Saved the Most Lives in History
While tyrants may dominate public memory, there are many heroes who helped mankind and saved millions of lives.
https://www.thecollector.com/people-saved-most-lives/
Florence Nightingale
You're Dead to Me.
The comedy podcast that takes history seriously. Greg Jenner brings together the best names in comedy and history to learn and laugh about the past.
https://www.bbc.com/audio/brand/p07mdbhg #BBC #globalmuseum #history #podcast
NOTE. He changed his note; he told another sort of a story.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Events for the 29th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1981: After impeachment on June 21, Abolhassan Banisadr flees with Massoud Rajavi to Paris, in an Iranian Air Force Boeing 707, piloted by Colonel Behzad Moezzi, to form the National Council of Resistance of Iran. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolhassan_Banisadr
• Birth (1931) of Kjell Karlsen, Norwegian pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2020) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjell_Karlsen
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
BELCHER. A red silk handkerchief, intermixed with yellow and a little black. The kiddey flashes his belcher; the young fellow wears a silk handkerchief round his neck.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Beyond Greece and Rome
A dramatic shift in perspective is producing a much bigger, broader and more exciting view of ‘the ancient world’
by Carlos Noreña
Books about Ancient World at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=ancient+world

Every stable, peaceful, and progressive nation depends on a healthy relationship between its political leaders and its citizens. Politicians are elected or appointed to serve the people, while the masses are expected to participate responsibly in national development. When there is balance between politicians and the masses, democracy becomes stronger, public trust increases, and national progress becomes possible.
However, when politicians become disconnected from the people, leadership may turn into privilege, power may become oppression, and public institutions may lose their purpose. In the same way, when citizens refuse to participate responsibly, ignore national duties, or expect government to solve every personal problem, development may become slow and difficult.
A country is like a human body. The head cannot function successfully without the rest of the body, and the body cannot move in the right direction without proper guidance from the head. Politicians and the masses must therefore work together with mutual respect, accountability, justice, responsibility, and a shared vision.
As the African proverb says:
“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.”
A nation cannot go far when its leaders and citizens are moving in opposite directions.
Politicians Are Servants of the People
Political leadership should never be understood merely as a position of power, wealth, influence, or personal advantage. True leadership is a responsibility to serve, protect, guide, and improve the lives of the people.
The Bible teaches in Mark 10:43–45:
“Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant.”
Jesus Christ presented leadership as service rather than domination. Although He had authority, He demonstrated humility, compassion, sacrifice, and care for others. This provides an important theological model for political leadership.
A politician should therefore ask:
Political office is temporary, but the consequences of leadership may remain for generations.
A wise leader understands that public power is a trust, not personal property. Government resources belong to the nation and must be managed for the benefit of all citizens.
As the proverb says:
“A leader who listens to the people will never be far from the truth.”
The Masses Also Have Responsibilities
Balance does not mean that politicians must carry every responsibility while citizens remain passive. Nation-building is a shared duty.
Citizens must obey lawful rules, pay taxes where required, protect public property, participate in elections, contribute to their communities, respect the rights of others, and hold leaders accountable through peaceful and lawful means.
The Bible teaches in Romans 13:7:
“Give to everyone what you owe them.”
This reminds us that society functions properly when people fulfil their responsibilities. Citizens should not only demand good roads, quality education, healthcare, employment opportunities, and security; they should also contribute to building the nation through honesty, hard work, innovation, discipline, and community service.
A country cannot develop if citizens destroy public property, promote corruption, spread false information, avoid responsibility, or support leaders only because of tribal, family, religious, or personal interests.
Good leadership requires responsible citizenship.
As the proverb says:
“The village that refuses to repair its road should not complain when the journey becomes difficult.”
The Importance of Mutual Respect
Politicians should respect the dignity, intelligence, needs, and opinions of the masses. Citizens are not merely voters to be remembered during elections. They are human beings whose voices, experiences, and concerns matter every day.
Likewise, citizens should communicate their concerns respectfully and avoid violence, hatred, insults, and unnecessary destruction. Disagreement is natural in a democracy, but disagreement should not become hostility.
The Bible says in Philippians 2:3–4:
“In humility value others above yourselves, not looking to your own interests but each of you to the interests of the others.”
This principle can strengthen political relationships. When leaders consider the needs of the people and citizens consider the common good, national unity becomes stronger.
Respect creates dialogue. Dialogue creates understanding. Understanding creates cooperation. Cooperation creates development.
The Philosophical Meaning of Political Balance
The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that a stable society depends on balance, justice, and the pursuit of the common good. He understood that government should not exist only to benefit a small group but to promote the welfare of society.
Political power without accountability can become dangerous. Public demands without responsibility can also create disorder. Balance is therefore necessary.
A healthy political system should contain:
The purpose of politics should not be to create divisions but to organise society for the common good.
As the proverb says:
“When the roots are united, the branches can withstand the storm.”
A united country can overcome economic hardship, political challenges, social conflict, and national crises.
Theological Lessons on Justice and Leadership
The Bible repeatedly teaches that leaders must defend justice and protect those who are vulnerable.
Proverbs 29:2 says:
“When the righteous thrive, the people rejoice; when the wicked rule, the people groan.”
This verse reveals an important truth: leadership directly affects the emotional, social, and economic condition of the people. Good leadership brings hope, confidence, peace, and progress. Poor leadership may produce fear, frustration, inequality, and suffering.
In Micah 6:8, God calls people:
“To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.”
Justice, mercy, and humility should guide politicians and citizens alike. A leader who acts with justice earns respect. A citizen who acts with integrity strengthens the nation.
Theologically, authority is not a licence to exploit others. It is a responsibility to serve with wisdom and accountability.
Every political leader should remember that human beings may judge leadership through elections, public opinion, and institutions, but God also judges the use of power.
Practical Life Experience: A Community That Works Together
Imagine a community with poor roads, limited employment opportunities, and inadequate public services. The citizens may blame the government, while political leaders may blame the citizens for lack of cooperation.
Nothing changes when both sides only blame each other.
But suppose the leaders organise public meetings, listen to the people, publish development plans, manage public funds transparently, and involve communities in decision-making. At the same time, citizens protect public facilities, contribute ideas, support lawful development projects, and hold leaders accountable respectfully.
Progress becomes possible because cooperation replaces conflict.
The same principle applies to a nation. Government may provide opportunities, but citizens must use them responsibly. Leaders may create policies, but people must participate in making those policies successful.
As the proverb says:
“One hand cannot tie a bundle.”
National development requires many hands working together.
Politicians Must Listen Beyond Election Periods
One major problem in many countries is that some politicians become highly visible during election campaigns but become distant after winning power.
True leadership should not begin during elections and end after votes are counted. Politicians should maintain communication with the people throughout their time in office.
Listening to citizens helps leaders understand:
A leader who does not listen may make decisions based only on reports, while the people experience a different reality.
The Bible says in Proverbs 18:13:
“To answer before listening—that is folly and shame.”
Listening is not weakness. It is wisdom.
The Masses Must Hold Leaders Accountable
Citizens should not worship politicians or treat them as people who cannot be questioned. Political leaders are public servants and should be accountable for their decisions.
However, accountability should be based on truth, evidence, lawful processes, and constructive engagement.
Citizens should ask:
Accountability is not hatred. It is a necessary part of responsible democracy.
A citizen who asks questions is not automatically an enemy of the government. Sometimes, honest questions help leaders identify problems and improve their performance.
As the proverb says:
“The person who points out a crack in the wall may be helping to save the house.”
Avoiding Political Division
Political competition should never destroy national unity. People may support different political parties while still respecting one another as citizens of the same country.
No political party owns the nation. No leader is greater than the country. Governments may change, but the people remain.
Political differences should not divide families, communities, workplaces, churches, or friendships. Citizens must learn to debate ideas without attacking human dignity.
The Bible teaches in Romans 12:18:
“If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.”
Peace does not mean that people must agree on everything. It means that disagreements should be handled with maturity, respect, and wisdom.
A nation becomes stronger when citizens place national unity above political hostility.
A Balance Between Rights and Responsibilities
Every citizen has rights, including the right to dignity, justice, security, participation, and lawful freedom of expression. At the same time, every citizen has responsibilities.
Rights without responsibility may create disorder. Authority without accountability may create oppression.
Balance requires both.
Politicians must respect the rights of the people, while citizens must respect the laws and rights of others. Leaders must provide direction, while citizens must participate in development.
The relationship should not be:
Politicians against the masses.
It should be:
Politicians and the masses working together for the nation.
Building Trust Between Government and Citizens
Trust is one of the greatest foundations of national stability. When citizens trust their leaders, they are more likely to cooperate with national programmes. When leaders trust citizens, they are more likely to encourage participation and open dialogue.
Trust is built through:
Trust cannot be demanded; it must be earned.
A government that communicates openly with citizens can reduce misinformation and public fear. Citizens who seek facts before spreading information can prevent unnecessary conflict.
As the proverb says:
“Trust is built slowly but can be destroyed in a moment.”
The Role of Young People in Political Balance
Young people are not only the leaders of tomorrow; they are active citizens of today. Their ideas, energy, creativity, education, and innovation are essential to national development.
Political leaders should create opportunities for young people to participate in decision-making, education, entrepreneurship, employment, technology, agriculture, and community development.
Young people should also avoid allowing themselves to be used for political violence, intimidation, or hatred.
The future of a country should not be sacrificed for the ambitions of a few individuals.
Young citizens must develop knowledge, skills, character, and critical thinking. They should support policies based on national benefit rather than empty promises.
As the proverb says:
“The child who is taught to build will not grow up to destroy.”
Conclusion: A Nation Must Move Together
There should be a healthy balance between politicians and the masses in every country. Politicians need the trust, participation, ideas, and cooperation of the people. The masses need responsible, accountable, compassionate, and visionary leadership.
Leaders must not see citizens as tools for gaining power. Citizens must not see government as the only source of personal progress. Both must recognise that national development is a shared responsibility.
Political leadership should be guided by service, justice, humility, and accountability. Citizenship should be guided by responsibility, participation, honesty, and peaceful engagement.
The Bible says in Psalm 133:1:
“How good and pleasant it is when God’s people live together in unity!”
Unity does not mean that everyone must have the same political opinion. It means that people should work together despite their differences for the peace and progress of their country.
A nation rises when leaders serve with integrity and citizens participate with responsibility.
A nation becomes stronger when politicians listen to the masses and the masses cooperate with good leadership.
A nation moves forward when power is balanced by accountability and rights are balanced by responsibility.
Let politicians lead with humility. Let the masses participate with wisdom. Let justice guide public decisions. Let truth strengthen democracy. Let unity overcome political division.
Because the future of a country does not belong only to politicians or only to the masses—it belongs to everyone.
“When leaders and citizens walk together, the nation does not lose its way.”
This article follows your preferred professional, motivational, single-spacing style, uses British English, and includes SEO-friendly headings suitable for Google indexing.
Bro Christopher Akong
The English word "lady" originally meant "loaf kneader."
It comes from the Old English word hāefdige:
hlāf = loaf.
dige = kneader of dough.
In Anglo-Saxon England, bread was baked at home, and the lady of the household was responsible for making it.
Her title reflected one of the most important duties in the home.
@oaksandlions #globalmuseum #history
JARVIS. A hackney coachman.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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Events for the 28th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1656: Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Northern_War
• Birth (1783) of Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, German army officer and writer (d. 1860) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Bismarck
• Death (1842) of Clemens Brentano, German author and poet (b. 1778) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemens_Brentano
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
A Stagecoach Drawn by Four Horses on the Virginia Canyon Road in Yellowstone National Park, 1905.
This historic photograph captures a four-horse yellow-painted tourist stagecoach kicking up dust as it navigates the treacherous terrain of Virginia Canyon Road in Yellowstone National Park in the summer of 1905. In the background, the rushing waters of the Virginia Cascades slice through the canyon.
https://www.vintag.es/2026/07/a-stagecoach-drawn-by-four-horses.html #globalmuseum #History #Yellowstone #NationaParks
New York City is one of America's biggest targets. And it will not be defended, as proven by the past.
(2001)
"It's blowin' boy"
"Did you hear that?"
"Keep your eye on that building, it be coming down"
"The building is about to blow up, move it back"
"Move it back here. Alright guys?..Sorry"
"We are walking back, there's a building, about to blow up"
https://www.youtube.com/@8real/videos
Only God can keep a man safe, but few turn to Him in repentance.
DOWSER. Vulgar pronunciation of DOUCEUR.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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TO CLIP. To hug or embrace: to clip and cling. To clip the coin; to diminish the current coin. To clip the king's English; to be unable to speak plain through drunkenness.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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Events for the 27th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1963: The Puijo observation tower is opened to the general public at Puijo Hill in Kuopio, Finland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puijo_tower
• Birth (1951) of Bob Diamond, American-English banker and businessman https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Diamond_(banker)
• Death (2012) of Tony Martin, American actor and singer (b. 1913) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Martin_(American_singer)
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
Where to look for a silent Sunday in Vienna? Of course the Central (Main) Cemetery is always an option.
Especially the old jewish part is a wonderful place to keep out the modern turbulent world with all the crazy stuff going on.
It is a quiet silence between those old tombstones, seldom another person crosses your way. It is you, your thoughts and the history of a city, a society and culture.
Camera: Leica Q2
Edit: some
#silentSunday #photography #photo #vienna #cemetery #history #jewish
USED UP. Killed: a military saying, originating from a message sent by the late General Guise, on the expedition at Carthagena, where he desired the commander in chief to order him some more grenadiers, for those he had were all used up.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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CLOUTED SHOON. Shoes tipped with iron.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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Events for the 26th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1989: A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_jury
• Birth (1939) of Bob Lilly, American football player and photographer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Lilly
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
BLIND CHEEKS. The breech. Buss blind cheeks; kiss mine arse.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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BRUISER. A boxer; one skilled in the art of boxing - also an inferior workman among chasers.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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Events for the 25th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1993: Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon
• Birth (1016) of Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_I_the_Restorer
• Holiday: Anne (Eastern Christianity) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Anne
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
GLIMMER. Fire. CANT.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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AUTEM MORT. A married woman; also a female beggar with several children hired or borrowed to excite charity. CANT.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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Events for the 24th of July from Wikipedia:
• 1977: End of a four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan%E2%80%93Egyptian_War
• Birth (1976) of Rafer Alston, American basketball player https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafer_Alston
• Death (1910) of Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ukrainian-Russian painter (b. 1841) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkhip_Kuindzhi
#history #events #historical #today @histodons
This "may be the first comprehensive account of the only time a nuclear projectile was fired from a cannon (known as Atomic Annie)."
https://soundcloud.com/tim-lambert-2/awards-me-atomic-test-version
PIN. In or to a merry pin; almost drunk: allusion to a sort of tankard, used in the north, having silver pegs or pins set at equal distances from the top to the bottom:every person drinking out of one of these tankards, was to swallow the quantity contained between two pins.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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NICKNAME. A name given in ridicule or contempt: from the French nom de niqne. Niqne is a movement of the head to mark a contempt for any person or thing.
A selection from Francis Grose’s “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue” (1785)
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#books #literature #dictionaries #history #society #language #slang @histodons
Hi!, I'm a bot posting selections from Francis Grose’s 1785 “Dictionary Of The Vulgar Tongue”, a compilation of slang terms, the coded language of the underclass and the demi-monde.
[18th-century-content warning: possible racism, animal cruelty, homophobia, sexism, slut-shaming. Let me know of any problems.]
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